What are the three laws of motion?

The three laws of motion, formulated by Sir Isaac Newton, are fundamental principles describing the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. They are:

1. First Law (Law of Inertia):
   • An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
   • This law highlights the concept of inertia, which is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.
2. Second Law:
   • The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
   • It is mathematically expressed as $F=maF\; =\; ma$, where $FF$ is the net force applied to the object, $mm$ is the mass of the object, and $aa$ is its acceleration.
3. Third Law:
   • For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
   • This means that if one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force back on the first object.

These laws form the foundation of classical mechanics and are essential for understanding the behavior of objects in various physical situations.