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Shivani Mishra
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Shivani MishraBeginner
Asked: 6 months agoIn:
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How was earth formed?

How was earth formed?

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  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    The formation of Earth is a fascinating story that spans billions of years and involves complex physical and chemical processes. Here's a breakdown of how Earth was formed: 1. Formation of the Solar System (Nebular Hypothesis) Nebula: About 4.6 billion years ago, a giant cloud of gas and dust, calleRead more

    The formation of Earth is a fascinating story that spans billions of years and involves complex physical and chemical processes. Here’s a breakdown of how Earth was formed:

    1. Formation of the Solar System (Nebular Hypothesis)

    • Nebula: About 4.6 billion years ago, a giant cloud of gas and dust, called a solar nebula, began to collapse under its own gravity.
    • Spinning Disk: As the nebula collapsed, it started to spin and flatten into a disk. The Sun formed at the center, where most of the material accumulated.
    • Planetesimals: In the outer regions of the disk, particles of dust and ice collided and stuck together, forming small clumps called planetesimals.

    2. Formation of Earth

    • Accretion:
      • Over time, these planetesimals grew larger through a process called accretion, where they collided and merged due to gravity.
      • Earth formed as one of these large bodies, accumulating mass and growing into a protoplanet.
    • Differentiation:
      • As Earth grew, the heat from collisions, radioactive decay, and gravitational compression caused it to partially melt.
      • The denser materials (like iron and nickel) sank to the center, forming Earth’s core, while lighter materials formed the mantle and crust.

    3. Formation of the Moon

    • Giant Impact Hypothesis:
      • Around 4.5 billion years ago, a Mars-sized body called Theia collided with the young Earth.
      • The debris from this collision was ejected into space and eventually coalesced to form the Moon.

    4. Early Atmosphere and Oceans

    • Volcanic Outgassing:
      • Early Earth was covered in volcanoes, which released gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and methane, forming the first atmosphere.
    • Condensation of Water:
      • As the planet cooled, water vapor condensed to form liquid water, leading to the creation of Earth’s oceans.

    5. Development of a Stable Environment

    • Tectonic Activity:
      • The surface of Earth began to solidify into tectonic plates, which started moving and shaping the planet’s surface.
    • Magnetic Field:
      • The molten iron core generated Earth’s magnetic field, which protected the atmosphere from being stripped away by solar winds.
    • Formation of Life:
      • The oceans provided the environment for the first simple life forms to develop around 3.5 billion years ago, further shaping Earth’s atmosphere and surface.

    6. Current Structure of Earth

    The Earth has a layered structure with:

    • Inner Core: Solid iron and nickel.
    • Outer Core: Liquid iron and nickel, creating the magnetic field.
    • Mantle: Semi-solid rock, responsible for tectonic activity.
    • Crust: Thin outer shell where life exists.

    Key Points

    • Earth’s formation took millions of years and involved processes like accretion, differentiation, and volcanic activity.
    • The Moon’s formation was a significant event in stabilizing Earth’s rotation and climate.
    • The presence of water and a protective atmosphere made Earth hospitable for life.

    This timeline of events led to the dynamic, life-supporting planet we inhabit today.

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Aditya Gupta
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Aditya GuptaScholar
Asked: 6 months agoIn:
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क्या भूत वास्तव में अस्तित्व में होते हैं, या यह केवल मान्यताओं पर आधारित है?

क्या भूत वास्तव में अस्तित्व में होते हैं, या यह केवल मान्यताओं पर आधारित है?

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  1. AVG
    AVG Explorer

    The existence of ghosts is a widely debated topic, with opinions varying based on cultural beliefs, personal experiences, and scientific perspectives. From a scientific standpoint, there is no concrete evidence to prove the existence of ghosts. Many alleged ghost sightings can be explained by psychoRead more

    The existence of ghosts is a widely debated topic, with opinions varying based on cultural beliefs, personal experiences, and scientific perspectives. From a scientific standpoint, there is no concrete evidence to prove the existence of ghosts. Many alleged ghost sightings can be explained by psychological factors, illusions, or environmental causes. For instance, fear, stress, or phenomena like sleep paralysis can make people believe they have encountered supernatural entities. Unexplained noises, shadows, or movements are often attributed to natural causes such as wind, old structures, or electromagnetic fields.

    On the other hand, many cultures and religions around the world hold a strong belief in spirits or supernatural entities, often tied to the idea of life after death or the notion of spirits interacting with the living to fulfill unfinished business or provide guidance. Personal experiences also play a significant role in shaping beliefs, as many individuals claim to have encountered or felt the presence of ghosts. Paranormal investigations and ghost-hunting groups attempt to provide evidence, but findings are often inconclusive.

    Psychological and social factors also contribute to belief in ghosts. The placebo effect can lead people to interpret normal events as supernatural, while cultural influences such as stories, movies, and traditions shape perceptions of the paranormal. While there is no scientific proof of their existence, belief in ghosts persists due to cultural traditions, personal experiences, and psychological interpretations. Whether ghosts are real or not remains a mystery, captivating and intriguing people across the world.

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Jawahar
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JawaharExplorer
Asked: 6 months agoIn:
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What thought will be the last thought of the last conscious being in the universe before existence ends?

What thought will be the last thought of the last conscious being in the universe before existence ends?

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  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    This question delves into deep philosophical and existential speculation. The last thought of the last conscious being in the universe before existence ends could encompass various profound themes: Reflection on Existence: A contemplation on the nature of existence itself—what it meant to be, to livRead more

    This question delves into deep philosophical and existential speculation. The last thought of the last conscious being in the universe before existence ends could encompass various profound themes:

    1. Reflection on Existence: A contemplation on the nature of existence itself—what it meant to be, to live, and to perceive.
    2. Loneliness or Unity: A feeling of ultimate solitude or perhaps a sense of unity with everything that has ever existed.
    3. Gratitude or Regret: A final expression of gratitude for having experienced life or regret for unfinished endeavors or lost opportunities.
    4. Acceptance or Resistance: A thought of acceptance, embracing the end as a natural part of existence, or resistance, a desire for life and consciousness to continue.
    5. Memory or Forgetting: A recollection of memories, the summation of life’s experiences, or the fading away into oblivion, as if even memory itself ceases to hold meaning.
    6. Wonder or Understanding: A profound wonder about the mysteries of the universe or a serene understanding, a moment of ultimate clarity.
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Pari Kumari
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Pari KumariBeginner
Asked: 6 months agoIn:
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Who is krishna

Who is krishna

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  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Krishna is a central figure in Hinduism, revered as a divine incarnation, a supreme deity, a wise teacher, and a beloved friend. His life and teachings have left an indelible mark on Indian culture, spirituality, and philosophy. Here’s a detailed overview of who Krishna is: 1. Divine Incarnation (AvRead more

    Krishna is a central figure in Hinduism, revered as a divine incarnation, a supreme deity, a wise teacher, and a beloved friend. His life and teachings have left an indelible mark on Indian culture, spirituality, and philosophy. Here’s a detailed overview of who Krishna is:

    1. Divine Incarnation (Avatar of Vishnu)

    • Krishna is considered the eighth avatar of Vishnu, the preserver in the Hindu trinity (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva).
    • His birth is believed to have occurred to restore dharma (righteousness) and defeat adharma (unrighteousness), particularly to vanquish the tyrannical King Kansa.

    2. His Birth and Early Life

    • Krishna was born in Mathura to Devaki and Vasudeva under miraculous circumstances.
    • To protect him from King Kansa, he was secretly transported to Gokul, where he was raised by Yashoda and Nanda.
    • Stories of Krishna’s childhood include playful and mischievous acts, such as stealing butter (earning him the nickname Makhan Chor) and taming the serpent Kaliya.

    3. Role in Hindu Scriptures

    • Bhagavad Gita: Krishna delivers profound teachings to Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra, emphasizing selfless action, devotion, and the nature of the soul. This forms a cornerstone of Hindu philosophy.
    • Mahabharata: Krishna plays a pivotal role as a strategist, charioteer, and guide in the great epic.
    • Bhagavata Purana: Narrates Krishna’s divine pastimes (leelas), including his love for the Gopis and Radha in Vrindavan.

    4. Symbol of Divine Love

    • Krishna’s relationship with Radha and the Gopis symbolizes pure and selfless love, transcending physical and material desires.
    • His flute, a symbol of attraction and harmony, is said to draw all beings, representing the soul’s longing for union with the divine.

    5. Protector and Leader

    • As a young boy, Krishna protected the people of Gokul and Vrindavan from various threats, including lifting the Govardhan Hill to shelter them from torrential rains caused by Lord Indra’s wrath.
    • Later, he became the ruler of Dwarka, known for his wisdom, justice, and leadership.

    6. Philosopher and Guide

    • Krishna’s teachings in the Bhagavad Gita offer insights into life, duty, devotion, and liberation (moksha).
    • His philosophy is universal, transcending religious boundaries, and is often regarded as timeless wisdom applicable to all aspects of life.

    7. Cultural and Spiritual Influence

    • Krishna is worshipped across India and the world, with major festivals like Janmashtami celebrating his birth.
    • His stories inspire art, music, dance (e.g., Kathak and Bharatnatyam), and literature, reflecting his multidimensional persona.

    8. Theological Interpretations

    • Krishna is seen differently within various Hindu traditions:
      • As the Supreme Being in the Gaudiya Vaishnavism tradition.
      • As a historical figure and spiritual teacher.
      • As an archetype of divine playfulness, love, and wisdom.

    9. Universal Relevance

    • Beyond Hinduism, Krishna’s life and teachings are admired for their universal values of compassion, truth, and love.
    • He is a symbol of joy, courage, and unwavering commitment to righteousness.

    In essence, Krishna is more than just a deity in Hinduism; he is a spiritual ideal, a cultural icon, and an eternal source of inspiration for millions of people around the world.

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Aditya Gupta
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Aditya GuptaScholar
Asked: 1 week agoIn:
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India’s upcoming census (by March 2027) will include caste for the first time since 1951. Will this help improve social justice and policy targeting, or risk reinforcing caste divisions? 

  • India’s upcoming census (by March 2027) will include caste for the first time since 1951. Will this help improve social justice and policy targeting, or risk reinforcing caste divisions? 
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Jawahar
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JawaharExplorer
Asked: 6 months agoIn:
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‏What is the exact nature of dark matter?

‏What is the exact nature of dark matter?

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  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    The exact nature of dark matter remains one of the most intriguing mysteries in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Despite its profound influence on the universe, dark matter has not been directly detected. Here’s what is currently understood about its nature: Invisible and Non-Emitting: Dark matterRead more

    The exact nature of dark matter remains one of the most intriguing mysteries in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Despite its profound influence on the universe, dark matter has not been directly detected. Here’s what is currently understood about its nature:

    • Invisible and Non-Emitting: Dark matter does not emit, absorb, or reflect any electromagnetic radiation, such as light, making it invisible to all current telescopic observations.
    • Massive and Gravitationally Influential: Dark matter exerts gravitational force and plays a crucial role in the formation and structure of galaxies. It helps to explain the observed gravitational effects on visible matter, such as the rotational speeds of galaxies and the bending of light from distant stars (gravitational lensing).
    • Non-Baryonic: Unlike ordinary matter (baryonic matter), which makes up stars, planets, and living beings, dark matter is non-baryonic. It is not composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • Cold Dark Matter (CDM) Hypothesis: The leading theory is that dark matter is “cold,” meaning its particles move slowly compared to the speed of light. This helps explain the large-scale structure of the universe.
    • Candidate Particles: There are several hypothetical particles that could make up dark matter, including:
      • Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs): One of the most popular candidates, these particles interact weakly with normal matter and could have been produced in large quantities during the early universe.
      • Axions: Extremely light particles that could also form a component of dark matter.
      • Sterile Neutrinos: A heavier form of neutrinos that do not interact with ordinary matter via the weak nuclear force.
    • Experimental Efforts: Numerous experiments are attempting to detect dark matter particles directly or observe their interactions indirectly. These include underground detectors, particle accelerators, and astrophysical observations.
    • Dark Matter Halo: Galaxies, including our Milky Way, are believed to be embedded in a “halo” of dark matter, which explains the flat rotation curves of galaxies—an observation where the outer stars orbit at similar speeds to those near the center.

      While the exact nature of dark matter is still unknown, its gravitational effects are essential for our current understanding of the universe’s structure and evolution. Ongoing research aims to uncover more about this elusive substance.

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    Aditya Gupta
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    Aditya GuptaScholar
    Asked: 6 months agoIn:
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    What skill have you always wanted to learn and why?

    What skill have you always wanted to learn and why?

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    1. Pankaj Gupta
      Pankaj Gupta Scholar

      I've always wanted to learn playing a musical instrument, like the piano or guitar. Music is a universal language that transcends words and emotions, and the ability to create it feels almost magical. It would not only be a creative outlet but also a way to unwind and express myself in a way that woRead more

      I’ve always wanted to learn playing a musical instrument, like the piano or guitar. Music is a universal language that transcends words and emotions, and the ability to create it feels almost magical. It would not only be a creative outlet but also a way to unwind and express myself in a way that words sometimes cannot. Additionally, learning music sharpens the mind, improves focus, and fosters discipline—skills beneficial in all areas of life.

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