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What is the Renaissance period?
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and surpass the ideas and achievements of classical antiquity. Associated with great sRead more
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and surpass the ideas and achievements of classical antiquity. Associated with great social change in most fields and disciplines, including art, architecture, politics, literature, exploration and science, the Renaissance was first centered in the Republic of Florence, then spread to the rest of Italy and later throughout Europe. The term rinascita (“rebirth”) first appeared in Lives of the Artists (c.β1550) by Giorgio Vasari, while the corresponding French word renaissance was adopted into English as the term for this period during the 1830s.[4][b]
The Renaissance’s intellectual basis was founded in its version of humanism, derived from the concept of Roman humanitas and the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy, such as that of Protagoras, who said that “man is the measure of all things”. Although the invention of metal movable type sped the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century, the changes of the Renaissance were not uniform across Europe: the first traces appear in Italy as early as the late 13th century, in particular with the writings of Dante and the paintings of Giotto.
As a cultural movement, the Renaissance encompassed innovative flowering of literary Latin and an explosion of vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th-century resurgence of learning based on classical sources, which contemporaries credited to Petrarch; the development of linear perspective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting; and gradual but widespread educational reform. It saw myriad artistic developments and contributions from such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term “Renaissance man”.[5][6] In politics, the Renaissance contributed to the development of the customs and conventions of diplomacy, and in science to an increased reliance on observation and inductive reasoning. The period also saw revolutions in other intellectual and social scientific pursuits, as well as the introduction of modern banking and the field of accounting
See lessWhich one of the following explains the practice of βVattakirutal’ as mentioned in Sangam poems?Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ...Read more
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Vattakirutal was a ritual in which a defeated king would take his own life through self-imposed starvation, often alongside his close companions. Sangam literature records an instance of a Chera king engaging in this solemn practice.
Vattakirutal was a ritual in which a defeated king would take his own life through self-imposed starvation, often alongside his close companions. Sangam literature records an instance of a Chera king engaging in this solemn practice.
See lessWhat is quantum entanglement?
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become interconnected in such a way that the state of one particle instantly affects the state of the other, no matter how far apart they are. This "spooky action at a distance," as Einstein famously called it, meaRead more
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become interconnected in such a way that the state of one particle instantly affects the state of the other, no matter how far apart they are. This “spooky action at a distance,” as Einstein famously called it, means that the properties of entangled particles are correlated, and changes to one will immediately reflect in the other, even across vast distances.
Quantum entanglement has real-world applications, including:
In essence, quantum entanglement defies classical intuition, pointing to the interconnected nature of quantum systems.
See lessConsider the following statements:Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ...Read more
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1. India has more arable area than China. Correct: Indiaβs arable land area (156 million hectares) is indeed larger than Chinaβs (119 million hectares). 2. The proportion of irrigated area is more in India as compared to China. Correct: Indiaβs proportion of irrigated area is 48%, which is higher thRead more
“Souls are not only the property of animal and plant life, but also of rocks, running water and many other natural objects not looked on as living by other religious sects.”Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ...Read more
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The statement reflects one of the core beliefs of Jainism. Jainism emphasizes the idea that all living beings, including plants, animals, and even non-living entities like rocks and water, possess souls (jiva) and that all life is interconnected. This belief in the sanctity of all forms of life is fRead more
The statement reflects one of the core beliefs of Jainism.
Jainism emphasizes the idea that all living beings, including plants, animals, and even non-living entities like rocks and water, possess souls (jiva) and that all life is interconnected. This belief in the sanctity of all forms of life is fundamental to Jain philosophy and ethics.
See lessWhich one of the following best describes the concept of ‘Small Farmer Large Field?Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β [2023]
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The concept of 'Small Farmer Large Field' involves small and marginal farmers coming together to coordinate their farming practices, often synchronizing key operations like sowing, irrigation, and harvesting to achieve economies of scale. While they retain individual ownership of their land, this coRead more
The concept of ‘Small Farmer Large Field’ involves small and marginal farmers coming together to coordinate their farming practices, often synchronizing key operations like sowing, irrigation, and harvesting to achieve economies of scale. While they retain individual ownership of their land, this collective approach helps them gain the benefits typically associated with larger-scale farming, such as improved efficiency, better access to resources, and reduced costs. The correct answer is Many marginal farmers in an area organize themselves into groups and synchronize and harmonize selected agricultural operations.
See lessWho among the following rulers of Vijayanagara Empire constructed a large dam across Tungabhadra River and a canal-cum-aqueduct several kilometres long from the river to the capital city?Β Β Β Β [2023]
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The ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire who constructed a large dam across the Tungabhadra River and a canal-cum-aqueduct several kilometers long from the river to the capital city is Devaraya I
The ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire who constructed a large dam across the Tungabhadra River and a canal-cum-aqueduct several kilometers long from the river to the capital city is Devaraya I
See lessWhich was the first train in india?
On 16th April 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane, a distance of 34 km. It was operated by three locomotives, named Sahib, Sultan and Sindh, and had thirteen carriages.It was an attempt made by British colonizers who wanted to make the transport of raw materialRead more
On 16th April 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane, a distance of 34 km. It was operated by three locomotives, named Sahib, Sultan and Sindh, and had thirteen carriages.It was an attempt made by British colonizers who wanted to make the transport of raw materials to the factories that were set up for the production of finished goods and to be sold in markets and to carry the finished goods to the markets that had a higher demand for it.
See lessWhat caused World War I?
World War I, also known as the Great War, was caused by a combination of long-term structural factors and immediate events. It was a result of nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and alliances, exacerbated by political and social tensions in Europe. Below is a detailed explanation of the causes: LRead more
World War I, also known as the Great War, was caused by a combination of long-term structural factors and immediate events. It was a result of nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and alliances, exacerbated by political and social tensions in Europe. Below is a detailed explanation of the causes:
World War I was caused by a volatile mix of nationalism, militarism, imperial rivalries, and a complex alliance system. These long-term factors created an environment primed for conflict, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand acted as the immediate spark that ignited the war. The interconnectedness of alliances and the failure of diplomacy turned a localized dispute into a global conflict.
See lessHow do movie ratings impact box office success?
Movie ratings significantly impact box office success by influencing audience perception and ticket sales. Positive critic reviews can boost credibility, attract broader audiences, and sustain long-term performance, especially for indie films and dramas. High audience ratings generate strong word-ofRead more
Movie ratings significantly impact box office success by influencing audience perception and ticket sales. Positive critic reviews can boost credibility, attract broader audiences, and sustain long-term performance, especially for indie films and dramas. High audience ratings generate strong word-of-mouth and can drive first-weekend sales and overall success, particularly for blockbusters and franchises. Conversely, poor ratings, whether from critics or audiences, can lead to steep drop-offs in revenue. Review aggregators like Rotten Tomatoes and social media reactions amplify these effects, shaping a filmβs early momentum and long-term performance.
See lessConsider the following statements:Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ...Read more
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Statement 1 is incorrect because, as per Article 71(2) of the Indian Constitution, the actions performed by a person in the capacity of President or Vice-President remain valid even if their election is declared void by the Supreme Court. Article 71(2) explicitly states that such acts shall not be iRead more
Statement 1 is incorrect because, as per Article 71(2) of the Indian Constitution, the actions performed by a person in the capacity of President or Vice-President remain valid even if their election is declared void by the Supreme Court. Article 71(2) explicitly states that such acts shall not be invalidated due to the court’s declaration. It reads: “If the election of a person as President or Vice-President is declared void by the Supreme Court, acts done by him in the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of the office of President or Vice-President, as the case may be, on or before the date of the decision of the Supreme Court shall not be invalidated by reason of that declaration.”
Statement 2 is also incorrect. The Constitution of India does not have any provision allowing for the postponement of the Presidential election due to the dissolution of some Legislative Assemblies. The election must be held within the prescribed time, regardless of such dissolutions.
Statement 3 is incorrect because Article 111 of the Constitution, which outlines the process of granting or withholding assent to bills, does not impose a specific time limit for the President to act on a bill. Article 111 states: “When a Bill has been passed by the Houses of Parliament, it shall be presented to the President, and the President shall declare either that he assents to the Bill, or that he withholds assent therefrom.” There is no mention of a time frame within which the President is required to make this decision. The President may, however, return a non-Money Bill for reconsideration by Parliament, but even here, the Constitution does not set a specific deadline for the Presidentβs assent.
See lessWhat is the difference between Psychological contract violation and Psychological contract breach?
The concepts of psychological contract breach and psychological contract violation are related but distinct within the field of organizational behavior and human resources. Here's a breakdown of the differences: Psychological Contract Breach A psychological contract breach occurs when an employee peRead more
The concepts of psychological contract breach and psychological contract violation are related but distinct within the field of organizational behavior and human resources. Here’s a breakdown of the differences:
Psychological Contract Breach
A psychological contract breach occurs when an employee perceives that the organization has failed to fulfill one or more obligations or promises made, either explicitly or implicitly.
Psychological Contract Violation
A psychological contract violation is the emotional and affective response that arises when an employee perceives a severe breach of the psychological contract. It goes beyond the recognition of unmet expectations to include strong emotional reactions.
Homo sapiens first emerged during which period?
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Homo sapiens first appeared in the late Paleolithic period, around 300,000 years ago, characterized by advanced tool-making and early forms of symbolic communication.
Homo sapiens first appeared in the late Paleolithic period, around 300,000 years ago, characterized by advanced tool-making and early forms of symbolic communication.
See lessNational Technology Day is celebrated annually on May 11 in India. It marks the anniversary of the Pokhran-II nuclear tests conducted in 1998, showcasing India's technological advancements. The day also highlights the contributions of Indian scientists, engineers, and innovators in the field of techRead more
National Technology Day is celebrated annually on May 11 in India.
It marks the anniversary of the Pokhran-II nuclear tests conducted in 1998, showcasing India’s technological advancements. The day also highlights the contributions of Indian scientists, engineers, and innovators in the field of technology and science.
See lessWhat are the different types of building foundations?
Building foundations are critical to the structural stability and durability of any construction project. There are several types of foundations, each chosen based on factors like soil conditions, building design, and environmental factors. The major types include: 1. Shallow Foundations Shallow fouRead more
Building foundations are critical to the structural stability and durability of any construction project. There are several types of foundations, each chosen based on factors like soil conditions, building design, and environmental factors. The major types include:
Shallow foundations are used when the load of the structure can be transferred to the ground near the surface. They are typically used for smaller buildings or in areas where the soil is strong enough to bear the load.
Deep foundations are used when the soil near the surface is too weak or unstable to support the structure. The load is transferred to stronger soil or rock deeper below.
These are used in unique situations or in areas with challenging environmental factors.
Each type of foundation has its specific use depending on the projectβs requirements and environmental conditions. Proper evaluation of soil conditions and load requirements is essential before choosing the right foundation.
See lessWhat is ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)?
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can interfere with daily functioning and development. Symptoms of ADHD often includeRead more
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can interfere with daily functioning and development. Symptoms of ADHD often include difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, trouble following through on tasks, restlessness, and impulsive behavior. There are three main types of ADHD:
ADHD is often managed through a combination of behavioral therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication, depending on the severity and individual needs.
See lessWhich of the following is a key component of a neural network?
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The key components of a neural network encompass various elements that contribute to its functionality. Hereβs a breakdown of the options provided: Neurons and Synapses: Neurons are indeed the fundamental units of a neural network, analogous to biological neurons, and synapses represent the connectiRead more
The key components of a neural network encompass various elements that contribute to its functionality. Hereβs a breakdown of the options provided:
Neurons and Synapses: Neurons are indeed the fundamental units of a neural network, analogous to biological neurons, and synapses represent the connections between them, usually weighted to signify their importance.
Layers and Nodes: Neural networks are structured in layers, including input, hidden, and output layers. Each layer consists of nodes (or neurons), which process inputs and pass outputs to subsequent layers.
Recurrent Units and Dropout: Recurrent units are specific to recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which are designed for sequential data. Dropout is a regularization technique used to prevent overfitting by randomly dropping units during training.
Given that all these elements play significant roles in different types of neural networks, the correct answer is: All of the above.
See lessWith reference to Finance Bill and Money Bill in the Indian Parliament, consider the following statements:Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ...Read more
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Here is the analysis of the three statements: Statement 1: "When the Lok Sabha transmits Finance Bill to the Rajya Sabha, it can amend or reject the Bill." This statement is incorrect because, as per the text, a Finance Bill is a Money Bill, and the Rajya Sabha cannot amend or reject it. The Rajya SRead more
Here is the analysis of the three statements:
Conclusion:
Thus, the correct answer is Only one.
See lessWhen was the first airplane invented?
The first successful powered airplane was invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright, commonly known as the Wright Brothers. They achieved the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Their airplane, the Wright FlyerRead more
The first successful powered airplane was invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright, commonly known as the Wright Brothers. They achieved the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
Their airplane, the Wright Flyer, flew for 12 seconds and covered 120 feet during its first flight. This marked the beginning of modern aviation.
See lessh(x)= (4xΒ³ -7x +8)/x
To differentiate the function \( h(x) = \frac{4x^3 - 7x + 8}{x} \) ,here's the step-by-step process: Given: \[ h(x) = \frac{4x^3 - 7x + 8}{x} \] Step 1: Simplify the function First, simplify the function by dividing each term in the numerator by \( x \): \[ h(x) = \frac{4x^3}{x} - \frac{7x}{x} + \frRead more
To differentiate the function \( h(x) = \frac{4x^3 – 7x + 8}{x} \) ,here’s the step-by-step process:
Given:
\[
h(x) = \frac{4x^3 – 7x + 8}{x}
\]
Step 1: Simplify the function
First, simplify the function by dividing each term in the numerator by \( x \):
\[
h(x) = \frac{4x^3}{x} – \frac{7x}{x} + \frac{8}{x}
\]
This simplifies to:
\[
h(x) = 4x^2 – 7 + \frac{8}{x}
\]
Step 2: Differentiate each term
Now, differentiate \( h(x) \) with respect to \( x \):
1. Differentiate \( 4x^2 \):
\[
\frac{d}{dx}(4x^2) = 8x
\]
2. Differentiate \( -7 \)(a constant):
\[
\frac{d}{dx}(-7) = 0
\]
3. Differentiate \( \frac{8}{x} \):
Rewrite \( \frac{8}{x} \) as \( 8x^{-1} \).
\[
\frac{d}{dx}(8x^{-1}) = -8x^{-2}
\]
Step 3: Combine the derivatives
Finally, combine the derivatives:
\[
h'(x) = 8x + 0 – \frac{8}{x^2}
\]
Or, simply:
\[
h'(x) = 8x – \frac{8}{x^2}
\]
This is the derivative of the given function \( h(x) = \frac{4x^3 – 7x + 8}{x} \).
See lessIn essence, what does ‘Due Process of Law’ mean?Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ...Read more
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The concepts of "due process of law" and "natural justice" are often linked in legal discussions, though they emphasize slightly different aspects of fairness. Both are integral to ensuring justice but focus on distinct legal protections. Due process of law is a fundamental legal principle that guarRead more
The concepts of “due process of law” and “natural justice” are often linked in legal discussions, though they emphasize slightly different aspects of fairness. Both are integral to ensuring justice but focus on distinct legal protections. Due process of law is a fundamental legal principle that guarantees individuals the right to fair treatment by the legal system. It ensures that no one can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without proper legal procedures. This includes the right to be informed of any allegations and the opportunity to defend oneself in a fair and unbiased setting. Due process is a cornerstone of legal systems worldwide, often enshrined in constitutions to safeguard individual rights. Natural justice, on the other hand, specifically governs the fairness of administrative and judicial proceedings. It revolves around two key principles: the rule against bias and the right to a fair hearing.
In essence, due process of law provides a comprehensive legal framework that includes natural justice as a critical component. While due process focuses on broader legal protections, natural justice zeroes in on ensuring fairness and impartiality in specific proceedings. Together, they are vital to upholding justice and protecting individual rights within legal systems worldwide. The correct answer is: The principle of natural justice.
See lessMarket exchange refers to the process by which goods, services, or resources are traded or exchanged in a market. The different types of market exchange can be broadly categorized as follows: 1. Barter Exchange Involves the direct exchange of goods and services without the use of money. Example: A fRead more
Market exchange refers to the process by which goods, services, or resources are traded or exchanged in a market. The different types of market exchange can be broadly categorized as follows:
1. Barter Exchange
Involves the direct exchange of goods and services without the use of money.
Example: A farmer trades vegetables with a weaver for cloth.
Often used in traditional or informal economies.
2. Monetary Exchange
Goods and services are exchanged using money as a medium of exchange.
Money simplifies trade by serving as a standard measure of value.
Example: Buying groceries with cash or credit.
3. Gift Exchange
Exchange occurs without any immediate or explicit expectation of a return.
Often seen in social or cultural contexts where relationships are emphasized.
Example: Traditional gifting practices in tribal or community settings.
4. Reciprocal Exchange
Involves the mutual exchange of goods or services with an expectation of a return over time.
Prominent in informal economies or rural settings.
Example: Neighbors sharing tools or services.
5. Market Exchange
Takes place in a formal market with established rules and institutions.
Based on supply, demand, and price mechanisms.
Example: Buying stocks in a stock market or commodities in a wholesale market.
6. Online Exchange
Involves digital platforms where goods or services are exchanged virtually.
E-commerce and cryptocurrency exchanges are examples.
Example: Amazon, eBay, or Bitcoin trading.
7. Auction Exchange
Goods or services are sold to the highest bidder.
Can occur in-person or online.
Example: Art auctions or eBay auctions.
8. Bilateral Exchange
Trade occurs between two parties, such as countries or businesses, often based on agreements.
Example: International trade agreements between two nations.
9. Multilateral Exchange
Involves trade among multiple parties or countries simultaneously.
Example: Trade in a global market involving several nations.
10. Countertrade
Goods or services are exchanged between countries without involving money, often due to foreign exchange constraints.
Example: Bartering oil for machinery between nations.
Each type of exchange plays a unique role in facilitating trade, depending on the social, economic, and cultural context.
See lessConsider the following statements: Statement-I: India, despite having uranium deposits, depends on coal for most of its electricity production. Statement-II: Uranium, enriched to the extent of at least 60%, is required for the production of electricity. Which one of the following ...Read more
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Let's analyze each statement: Statement-I: India, despite having uranium deposits, depends on coal for most of its electricity production. This statement is correct. Although India has some uranium deposits, they are not sufficient to meet the countryβs nuclear energy needs. As a result, India imporRead more
Let’s analyze each statement:
Statement-I: India, despite having uranium deposits, depends on coal for most of its electricity production. This statement is correct. Although India has some uranium deposits, they are not sufficient to meet the countryβs nuclear energy needs. As a result, India imports uranium and heavily relies on coal, which is abundant and cheaper, for most of its electricity production.
Statement-II: Uranium, enriched to the extent of at least 60%, is required for the production of electricity. This statement is incorrect. For nuclear reactors used in electricity production, uranium is typically enriched to about 3-5% U-235. Enrichment levels of 60% and above are considered high and are used for research reactors or weapons-grade material, not for commercial electricity generation.
Therefore, the correct answer is: Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
See lessConsider the following statements: OnceΒ the Central Government notifies an area as a ‘Community Reserve’Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ...Read more
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Statement 1: "The Chief Wildlife Warden of the State becomes the governing authority of such forest." This is incorrect. As per Section 36D of the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act 2002, a Community Reserve management committee is formed by the State Government, and this committee, not the Chief WRead more
Conclusion:
Thus, the correct answer is Only three.
See lessHow does deforestation impact biodiversity and what are the broader environmental consequences?
Deforestation significantly impacts biodiversity by destroying habitats that are critical for various species. When forests are cleared, many plants, animals, insects, and microorganisms lose their homes, leading to a decline in species richness. This loss of biodiversity disrupts ecosystems and weaRead more
Deforestation significantly impacts biodiversity by destroying habitats that are critical for various species. When forests are cleared, many plants, animals, insects, and microorganisms lose their homes, leading to a decline in species richness. This loss of biodiversity disrupts ecosystems and weakens their resilience, making them more vulnerable to disturbances like climate change, diseases, and natural disasters. Deforestation also contributes to soil erosion, reduces the landβs ability to store carbon, and increases greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating global warming. The broader environmental consequences include altered rainfall patterns, decreased soil fertility, and a loss of ecosystem services like water filtration and air purification, which are vital for human survival.
See lessConsider the following statements:Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ...Read more
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In the recent post-pandemic period, central banks worldwide have raised interest rates to combat inflation, which surged due to heightened fiscal spending during COVID-19 and supply chain issues stemming from the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Therefore, Statement 1 is accurate. The central banks' decisioRead more
In the recent post-pandemic period, central banks worldwide have raised interest rates to combat inflation, which surged due to heightened fiscal spending during COVID-19 and supply chain issues stemming from the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Therefore, Statement 1 is accurate.
The central banks’ decision to increase interest rates aims to raise borrowing costs, leading to a reduction in money supply and, consequently, a decrease in inflation rates. Thus, Statement 2 is also valid.
The rise in interest rates in advanced economies, particularly in the U.S., has negatively impacted the Indian economy, resulting in increased net Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) outflows, significant depreciation of the Rupee, declines in foreign exchange reserves, and rising yield rates. This negative impact on the Indian economy is commonly referred to as “Taper Tantrums.” Consequently, this question was posed within this context.
Therefore, the correct answer is Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.
See lessWith reference to ancient South India, Korkai, Poompuhar and Muchiri were well known asΒ Β Β [2023]
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Puhar, also called Kaveripoompattinam, served as the chief port of the Cholas. Korkai was the principal harbor for the Pandyas, while the Chera kingdom relied on key ports such as Tondi and Muchiri for trade and commerce.
Puhar, also called Kaveripoompattinam, served as the chief port of the Cholas. Korkai was the principal harbor for the Pandyas, while the Chera kingdom relied on key ports such as Tondi and Muchiri for trade and commerce.
See lessWhat are the basic principles of electrical engineering?
Basic Principles of Electrical Engineering 1. Ohm's Law Statement: V=IR Description: Ohm's Law relates voltage VV, current I, and resistance R in an electrical circuit. It states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points andRead more
Statement:
IR
Description: Ohm’s Law relates voltage V, current I, and resistance R in an electrical circuit. It states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance.
Statement: The total current entering a junction in a circuit is equal to the total current leaving the junction.
Description: KCL is based on the principle of conservation of electric charge.
Statement: The sum of all the voltages around a closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero. Description: KVL is based on the principle of conservation of energy.
Statement:
Description: Coulomb’s Law describes the electrostatic force between two charged particles. The force is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Statement:
Description: Faradayβs Law states that a change in magnetic flux through a coil induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the coil. This principle is the basis for electric generators, transformers, and inductors.
Statement: The direction of the induced current (or EMF) is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that caused it.
Description: Lenzβs Law ensures that energy conservation is maintained in electromagnetic systems.
Statement: The total electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed divided by the permittivity of the medium:
Description: Gauss’s Law explains the relationship between electric charge and electric field.
Statement: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
Description: In electrical systems, energy is typically converted between electrical, mechanical, and thermal forms, governed by this principle.
Description: Maxwell’s equations describe how electric and magnetic fields propagate and interact. They govern the behavior of electromagnetic waves, which are essential in communication systems, antennas, and waveguides. The four key equations are:
Statement: In a linear system, the response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses that would have been caused by each stimulus individually.
Description: The principle of superposition is used in the analysis of linear circuits to simplify the study of complex circuits with multiple sources.
Description: Capacitance is the ability of a system to store electric charge. It is defined by the relationship:
CV
,whereΒ C is the capacitance, Q is the charge, and
Description: Inductance is the ability of a conductor to store energy in the form of a magnetic field when current flows through it. The induced EMF is given by:
I is the current.
Description: Impedance is the opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) and is the combination of resistance, inductive reactance, and capacitive reactance. Impedance is represented as a complex quantity:
R+jX
=VI
, where PΒ V is the voltage, and IΒ is the current.
In AC circuits, power is divided into:
The power factor plays a key role in determining the efficiency of power transfer in AC systems.
Description: A transformer transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. The relationship between primary and secondary voltages is governed by the turn ratio of the transformer.
See lessWhat are the major causes of ocean pollution, and how does it affect marine life and human health?
pollution, the addition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or any form of energy (such as heat, sound, or radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster than it can be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some harmless form. The major kinds of pollution, usually classifieRead more
pollution, the addition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or any form of energy (such as heat, sound, or radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster than it can be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some harmless form. The major kinds of pollution, usually classified by environment, are air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution. Modern society is also concerned about specific types of pollutants, such as noise pollution, light pollution, and plastic pollution. Pollution of all kinds can have negative effects on the environment and wildlife and often impacts human health and well-being.Ocean pollution has many causes, including:
Nonpoint source pollution
This is pollution that comes from many small sources, like vehicles, septic tanks, farms, and livestock ranches. It’s often caused by runoff, which is when rain or snow carries pollutants from the ground to the ocean.
Point source pollution
This is pollution that comes from a single source, like an oil spill or chemical spill.
Plastics
Plastic bags are one of the most deadly types of plastic in the ocean because they can be mistaken for food by marine life. They can take up to 20 years to decompose.
Offshore drilling
The oil and gas industry’s operations can lead to spills, which can cause irreversible damage to marine ecosystems.
Ocean acidification
This occurs when the pH of the ocean lowers, which can have harmful effects on marine organisms.
Air pollution
Some water pollution starts as air pollution, which settles into waterways and oceans.
Other pollutants
Other pollutants include:
Chemical runoff
Crude oil
Sewage
Fertilizers
Discarded fishing nets
Noise from shipping and drilling
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The Indian city known as the βScotland of the Eastβ is Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya. Why is Shillong called the Scotland of the East? 1. Natural Beauty: The lush green hills, rolling meadows, and mist-covered landscapes resemble the Scottish Highlands. 2. Climate: Shillong has a cool, pleasantRead more
The Indian city known as the βScotland of the Eastβ is Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya.
Why is Shillong called the Scotland of the East?
1. Natural Beauty: The lush green hills, rolling meadows, and mist-covered landscapes resemble the Scottish Highlands.
2. Climate: Shillong has a cool, pleasant climate throughout the year, similar to Scotland.
3. Colonial Influence: During British rule, the picturesque beauty and weather of Shillong reminded the British settlers of Scotland, leading to the nickname.
4. Hills and Valleys: The Khasi and Jaintia hills surrounding Shillong add to its charm and scenic appeal.
Shillong remains a popular tourist destination for nature lovers and those seeking a peaceful retreat in Northeast India.
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