Among the following given below who was known as ‘The Father of Indian Space Program’ ? select any one of the options.
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What is the function of the skeletal system?
The skeletal system serves several critical functions in the human body: 1. Support: It provides a framework that supports the body and maintains its shape. 2. Protection: It protects vital organs such as the brain (protected by the skull), heart, and lungs (protected by the rib cage). 3. Movement:Read more
The skeletal system serves several critical functions in the human body:
1. Support: It provides a framework that supports the body and maintains its shape.
2. Protection: It protects vital organs such as the brain (protected by the skull), heart, and lungs (protected by the rib cage).
3. Movement: Bones work with muscles to enable movement by acting as levers and attachment points.
4. Mineral Storage: It stores essential minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, which can be released into the bloodstream as needed.
5. Blood Cell Production: Bone marrow, located within some bones, produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in a process called hematopoiesis.
6. Energy Storage: Yellow bone marrow stores fats that can be used for energy.
These functions collectively contribute to the body’s overall health and functionality.
See lessAre we alive? Because we are made from atom and atoms are not the living things..
This is a profound and thought-provoking question! Here's an explanation: At a fundamental level, you're correct that atoms themselves are not "alive." Atoms are the building blocks of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and they follow the laws of physics and chemistry. However, lRead more
This is a profound and thought-provoking question! Here’s an explanation:
At a fundamental level, you’re correct that atoms themselves are not “alive.” Atoms are the building blocks of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and they follow the laws of physics and chemistry. However, life emerges from the complex organization and interactions of these atoms.
When atoms combine to form molecules, and molecules organize into cells—the basic unit of life—they create systems capable of processes like metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. This intricate arrangement of non-living atoms and molecules gives rise to the phenomenon we call “life.”
In essence:
Atoms are not alive individually.
Life is a property of complex systems that arise when these atoms are organized in highly specific ways, such as in living organisms.
So, while the components of our bodies are non-living, the sum of their organization and interactions results in the emergence of life. This is a key idea in biology, often referred to as “emergent properties” of life.
See lessdiscuss the working of heart in detail
The heart is a muscular organ that functions as the central component of the circulatory system, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Its primary role is to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove carbon dioxide and other metabolic wastes. The heart operates in a highly coordRead more
The heart is a muscular organ that functions as the central component of the circulatory system, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Its primary role is to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove carbon dioxide and other metabolic wastes. The heart operates in a highly coordinated manner, with distinct phases of contraction and relaxation. Here’s a detailed discussion on how the heart works:
The heart consists of four chambers:
The heart also contains several valves that control the flow of blood and prevent backflow:
The heart works through a continuous cycle of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole). The cycle ensures that blood flows in the right direction and is efficiently pumped throughout the body.
The heart’s pumping action is controlled by an electrical system that ensures the chambers contract in a coordinated manner. The major components of this system are:
The heart rate is controlled by a combination of:
The heart can be affected by various diseases and conditions, including:
The heart functions as a pump that circulates blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. Its intricate structure, along with its electrical and mechanical coordination, allows it to operate efficiently. Proper heart function is vital for overall health, and any disturbances in its working can lead to serious health conditions.
See lessWhat is the process of cellular respiration and why is it important?
Cellular respiration is a process that breaks down food molecules to produce energy for cells. It's a vital process that occurs in the cells of all plants and some animals. What it is Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells. It breaks down glucoRead more
Cellular respiration is a process that breaks down food molecules to produce energy for cells. It’s a vital process that occurs in the cells of all plants and some animals.
What it is
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells.
It breaks down glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
It also releases carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
Why it’s important
Cellular respiration provides cells with the energy they need to function.
Without cellular respiration, living things would not be able to get the energy they need from food and would eventually die.
How it works
Cellular respiration has three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
The reactions involved in cellular respiration are catabolic, meaning they break down molecules into smaller ones.
What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, playing a critical role in energy production. They convert nutrients, primarily glucose and oxygen, into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy source, through a process called cellular respiration. This energy is essential for carrying outRead more
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, playing a critical role in energy production. They convert nutrients, primarily glucose and oxygen, into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s main energy source, through a process called cellular respiration. This energy is essential for carrying out various cellular functions such as growth, repair, and maintenance. Besides energy production, mitochondria are involved in other key processes like regulating cell death (apoptosis), maintaining cellular calcium levels, and controlling metabolic activities. They also contain their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to produce some of their own proteins. In summary, mitochondria are vital for generating the energy necessary for the cell’s survival and proper functioning.
See lessWhat is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
See lessGravity is a fundamental force of nature that pulls objects with mass toward one another. It’s what keeps planets orbiting the Sun, makes things fall to the ground, and holds galaxies together. Key Features of Gravity Universal Attraction: Any two objects with mass exert a gravitational pull on eachRead more
Gravity is a fundamental force of nature that pulls objects with mass toward one another. It’s what keeps planets orbiting the Sun, makes things fall to the ground, and holds galaxies together.
Without gravity, there would be no planets, no orbits, and no life as we know it!
See lessWhat is “chain-of-thought” ?
Chain-of-thought (CoT) is a reasoning technique used in artificial intelligence (AI) and human cognition to break down complex problems into smaller, logical steps. It helps models, like me, generate more accurate and coherent responses by explicitly outlining intermediate reasoning steps rather thaRead more
Chain-of-thought (CoT) is a reasoning technique used in artificial intelligence (AI) and human cognition to break down complex problems into smaller, logical steps. It helps models, like me, generate more accurate and coherent responses by explicitly outlining intermediate reasoning steps rather than jumping directly to an answer.
In AI, Chain-of-Thought prompting refers to a method where a model is guided to think step-by-step before arriving at a conclusion. This improves its ability to solve math problems, logical reasoning tasks, and commonsense reasoning challenges.
For example:
Without CoT:
Q: If a person buys a pencil for $1.50 and an eraser for $0.50, how much do they spend in total?
A: $2.00
With CoT:
Q: If a person buys a pencil for $1.50 and an eraser for $0.50, how much do they spend in total?
By explicitly listing steps, AI reduces errors and enhances interpretability.
In everyday life, people use chain-of-thought reasoning to solve problems, make decisions, and analyze situations methodically. For example, when planning a trip, you might consider:
This structured approach ensures well-thought-out decisions rather than impulsive choices.
What are the basic rules of badminton for doubles play?
Badminton doubles play follows the same general rules as singles but includes unique aspects tailored for a two-player team on each side. Here are the basic rules of badminton doubles play: Court Dimensions and Boundaries Court Size: The doubles court is wider than the singles court. The boundariesRead more
Badminton doubles play follows the same general rules as singles but includes unique aspects tailored for a two-player team on each side. Here are the basic rules of badminton doubles play:
By adhering to these rules, doubles play becomes a dynamic and strategic game that tests teamwork, reflexes, and coordination!
See lessWhat are some unusual social norms around the world?
Social norms vary widely across cultures, and what is considered normal in one country might be unusual or even surprising in another. Here are some examples of unusual social norms from around the world: No Tipping in Japan Where: Japan Norm: Tipping is not expected and can even be considered rudRead more
Social norms vary widely across cultures, and what is considered normal in one country might be unusual or even surprising in another. Here are some examples of unusual social norms from around the world:
Understanding these norms not only helps avoid faux pas but also highlights the fascinating diversity of human culture!
See lessWhat are the different branches of Physics?
Physics is a vast field that explores the fundamental principles governing the natural world. It is divided into various branches, each focusing on specific aspects of physical phenomena. Here are some of the major branches of physics: Classical Mechanics Focus: The study of the motion of objects anRead more
Physics is a vast field that explores the fundamental principles governing the natural world. It is divided into various branches, each focusing on specific aspects of physical phenomena. Here are some of the major branches of physics:
These branches often overlap, and advancements in one area can lead to discoveries in another, demonstrating the interconnected nature of physics.
See lessHow do chemical reactions occur?
Chemical reactions occur when atoms or molecules interact to form new substances. This process involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the arrangement of atoms. Here’s a step-by-step overview of how chemical reactions happen: 1. Collision of Reactants: For a chemicRead more
Chemical reactions occur when atoms or molecules interact to form new substances. This process involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the arrangement of atoms. Here’s a step-by-step overview of how chemical reactions happen:
1. Collision of Reactants: For a chemical reaction to occur, the reactant molecules or atoms must collide with one another. These collisions provide the opportunity for bonds to break and form new ones.
2. Activation Energy: Not all collisions lead to a reaction. The colliding particles must have enough energy to overcome the activation energy, which is the minimum energy required to initiate the reaction. This energy barrier must be surpassed for the reaction to proceed.
3. Formation of Transition State: When the reactants collide with sufficient energy, they form an intermediate structure called the transition state. In this state, bonds in the reactants are partially broken, and new bonds in the products are partially formed.
4. Breaking and Forming Bonds: In the transition state, existing bonds are broken, and new bonds are formed, resulting in the conversion of reactants into products. The arrangement of atoms changes, leading to the creation of new substances with different properties.
5. Energy Change: Chemical reactions either release energy (exothermic reactions) or absorb energy (endothermic reactions). In exothermic reactions, energy is released, usually as heat or light, while in endothermic reactions, energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
6. Products Formation: Once the reaction is complete, the transition state collapses into the final products. These products are the new substances formed as a result of the chemical reaction.
7. Equilibrium (in Reversible Reactions): Some reactions are reversible, meaning they can proceed in both forward and backward directions. Over time, these reactions may reach a state of equilibrium, where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
Chemical reactions are fundamental to all biological and chemical processes, driving everything from the metabolism in living organisms to industrial manufacturing processes.
See lessHow Do Sustainable Design Principles Influence Modern Architecture?
Sustainable design principles are significantly shaping modern architecture by emphasizing environmental responsibility, energy efficiency, and the well-being of occupants. Here's an overview of how these principles is being integrated and their impact: Integration of Sustainable Design Principles:Read more
Sustainable design principles are significantly shaping modern architecture by emphasizing environmental responsibility, energy efficiency, and the well-being of occupants. Here’s an overview of how these principles is being integrated and their impact: Integration of Sustainable Design Principles:
Could life exist in extreme environments like Europa’s icy oceans?
Yes, life could potentially exist in extreme environments like Europa's icy oceans. Europa, one of Jupiter's moons, has several features that make it a candidate for hosting extraterrestrial life, despite its harsh conditions: Key Factors Supporting Life on Europa Subsurface Ocean: Beneath Europa'sRead more
Yes, life could potentially exist in extreme environments like Europa’s icy oceans. Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons, has several features that make it a candidate for hosting extraterrestrial life, despite its harsh conditions:
On Earth, life exists in extreme environments, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents, acidic hot springs, and frozen glaciers. These extremophiles demonstrate that life can adapt to harsh conditions, suggesting that similar life forms might exist on Europa.
Missions like NASA’s upcoming Europa Clipper aim to explore Europa’s habitability by analyzing its surface and subsurface properties. If we discover signs of life, even simple microbial life, it would profoundly impact our understanding of life’s potential in the universe.
In conclusion, while it’s not confirmed that life exists on Europa, the moon’s environment is considered one of the most promising places in the solar system to search for extraterrestrial life.
See lessWhat is the significance of the Big Bang theory?
The Big Bang theory is a scientific theory that explains the origin and evolution of the universe. It's important because it: Explains the universe's expansion The theory explains how the universe expanded from an extremely hot and dense state to the cooler and less dense state it is in today. ExplaRead more
The Big Bang theory is a scientific theory that explains the origin and evolution of the universe. It’s important because it:
Explains the universe’s expansion
The theory explains how the universe expanded from an extremely hot and dense state to the cooler and less dense state it is in today.
Explains the presence of matter
The theory explains how the universe came to contain the matter and radiation that make up stars, planets, and galaxies.
Explains the physical laws
The theory explains the physical laws that govern the universe.
Explains the origin of hydrogen and helium
The theory explains where the hydrogen and helium in the universe came from.
The Big Bang theory is based on a combination of observations, mathematical modeling, and experimental evidence. The theory suggests that the universe began about 13.8 billion years ago in a singularity, a point of infinite heat and density. This singularity contained all the matter and energy that would eventually form the universe. The universe then expanded rapidly, faster than the speed of light, in a period known as cosmic inflation.
What comes next in the sequence: 101, 104, 109, 116, 125, ___
the next term is 132
the next term is 132
See lessSelect any one of the options given above.
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In the history of India, August 15, 1947, is often referred to as “The Red Letter Day.” This is the day India gained independence from British colonial rule. It marked the end of nearly 200 years of British domination and the beginning of a new chapter as a sovereign nation. The term “Red Letter DayRead more
In the history of India, August 15, 1947, is often referred to as “The Red Letter Day.” This is the day India gained independence from British colonial rule. It marked the end of nearly 200 years of British domination and the beginning of a new chapter as a sovereign nation.
The term “Red Letter Day” is used to highlight the significance of this event, as it was a pivotal moment in India’s history, celebrated annually as Independence Day.
See lessWhat is the function of the digestive system?
The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients, which the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair. It also plays a crucial role in eliminating waste. Here's a breakdown of its main functions: Functions of the Digestive System Ingestion: The process begiRead more
The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients, which the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair. It also plays a crucial role in eliminating waste. Here’s a breakdown of its main functions:
Each part of the digestive system, from the mouth to the anus, plays a specific role in ensuring that the body gets the nutrients it needs and effectively eliminates waste.
See lessFind the next term in the series 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, ?
30
30
See lessNational Technology Day is celebrated annually on May 11 in India. It marks the anniversary of the Pokhran-II nuclear tests conducted in 1998, showcasing India's technological advancements. The day also highlights the contributions of Indian scientists, engineers, and innovators in the field of techRead more
National Technology Day is celebrated annually on May 11 in India.
It marks the anniversary of the Pokhran-II nuclear tests conducted in 1998, showcasing India’s technological advancements. The day also highlights the contributions of Indian scientists, engineers, and innovators in the field of technology and science.
See lessFirst men to climb mount everest?
The first men to successfully climb Mount Everest were Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa of Nepal. They reached the summit on May 29, 1953, as part of a British expedition led by John Hunt. Key Facts: 1. Summit Details: They reached the summit at 11:30 AM. They spent aRead more
The first men to successfully climb Mount Everest were Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa of Nepal. They reached the summit on May 29, 1953, as part of a British expedition led by John Hunt.
Key Facts:
1. Summit Details:
They reached the summit at 11:30 AM.
They spent about 15 minutes at the top, taking photographs and leaving offerings.
2. Challenges:
They navigated the treacherous Hillary Step, a nearly vertical rock face near the summit.
The climb required exceptional endurance and teamwork, especially given the primitive equipment compared to today’s standards.
3. Legacy:
Their achievement was celebrated globally, marking a significant milestone in mountaineering history.
Edmund Hillary was knighted, and Tenzing Norgay received international recognition for his role in the climb.
See lessविकसित हो रहे देशों में बेरोज़गारी के मुख्य कारण क्या क्या हैं, और सरकार व आम लोग मिलकर टिकाऊ रोजगार के अवसर कैसे पैदा कर सकते हैं?
Naukari karo paisa kamao wo nhi hota to koi online source dekho bhai anxiety Mt kro don't take to much stress chill
See lessNaukari karo paisa kamao wo nhi hota to koi online source dekho bhai anxiety Mt kro don’t take to much stress chill
The recent detections of gravitational waves (GW) from the mergers of compact objects like black holes and neutron stars have opened a new frontier in astrophysics, allowing us to study phenomena that were previously out of reach. The potential connection between gravitational waves and dark matter,Read more
The recent detections of gravitational waves (GW) from the mergers of compact objects like black holes and neutron stars have opened a new frontier in astrophysics, allowing us to study phenomena that were previously out of reach. The potential connection between gravitational waves and dark matter, particularly in the form of ultra-light bosons (e.g., axions) or primordial black holes (PBHs), is a highly active area of research. Let’s break down how dark matter might influence the generation of gravitational waves and how gravitational wave astronomy could provide indirect signatures of dark matter.
The emerging field of gravitational wave astronomy holds significant potential for detecting indirect signatures of dark matter and testing alternative dark matter models that are challenging to probe through direct detection experiments. The influence of dark matter—particularly in the form of ultra-light bosons or primordial black holes—on the generation of gravitational waves could be reflected in subtle changes to the observed waveforms, providing new insights into the nature of dark matter and its role in the cosmos. Gravitational wave observatories, therefore, offer a promising and complementary tool to direct detection experiments, allowing scientists to probe the dark universe in ways that were previously unattainable.
See lessThe observed cosmic acceleration and the anisotropic distribution of dark matter in galaxy clusters, evidenced by the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect and weak lensing, have deep implications for our understanding of dark matter and the evolution of cosmic structures. Dark matter candidates such as WeaklyRead more
The observed cosmic acceleration and the anisotropic distribution of dark matter in galaxy clusters, evidenced by the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect and weak lensing, have deep implications for our understanding of dark matter and the evolution of cosmic structures. Dark matter candidates such as Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), axions, sterile neutrinos, and fuzzy dark matter each interact differently with cosmic structures, influencing large-scale structure formation, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, and the formation of the first galaxies.
These anomalies drive the consideration of alternative models:
The study of dark matter candidates, combined with observations from experiments like XENON1T and space-based missions like E-LISA, is central to resolving the mysteries of cosmic structure formation. While the Lambda-CDM model provides a successful framework on large scales, the small-scale anomalies push the need for alternative models, including SIDM and quantum effects in ultra-light dark matter, to better explain the behavior of dark matter in galaxy clusters and the formation of the first galaxies.
See lessWhat is the water cycle?
The process of change of water from one state to another that occurs naturally in the environment is called the water cycle.The water changes to water vapour from the water bodies like ocean, season, rivers etc due to the radiation of the Sun and the internal heat of the Earth (evaporation ) and cloRead more
The process of change of water from one state to another that occurs naturally in the environment is called the water cycle.The water changes to water vapour from the water bodies like ocean, season, rivers etc due to the radiation of the Sun and the internal heat of the Earth (evaporation ) and clouds get formed and then due to the fall in temperature of the water vapour the process of condensation (change of vapour to liquid) takes place and the water falls back as snow (solidification) and rain back in the earth. It is also called Hydrological cycle
See lessWho is the author of the book Gora?
The author of the book "Gora" is Rabindranath Tagore, the renowned Indian poet, writer, and Nobel laureate. Written in Bengali and published in 1909, Gora is one of Tagore's most celebrated novels. About Gora: Themes: The novel addresses complex issues of identity, religion, nationalism, and socialRead more
The author of the book “Gora” is Rabindranath Tagore, the renowned Indian poet, writer, and Nobel laureate. Written in Bengali and published in 1909, Gora is one of Tagore’s most celebrated novels.
About Gora:
Themes: The novel addresses complex issues of identity, religion, nationalism, and social reform in colonial India.
Plot: It revolves around the protagonist, Gora (Gourmohan), and his journey of self-discovery, grappling with questions of caste, religion, and patriotism.
Significance: Gora is considered a masterpiece for its deep philosophical insights and portrayal of Indian society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Rabindranath Tagore’s Gora remains a landmark in Indian literature, offering a nuanced critique of contemporary socio-political issues.
See lessWhat is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll plays a vital role in the process of photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. It is a pigment found primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, and its main function is to absorb light, particularly in theRead more
Chlorophyll plays a vital role in the process of photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. It is a pigment found primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, and its main function is to absorb light, particularly in the blue and red wavelengths, and reflect green light, which gives plants their characteristic color.
During photosynthesis, chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun and uses it to drive the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂). This process occurs in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle).
In essence, chlorophyll is the key molecule that captures light energy, initiating the process of photosynthesis and enabling plants to produce the energy they need for growth, development, and reproduction. Without chlorophyll, plants would not be able to efficiently absorb sunlight, making photosynthesis impossible.
See lessIdentify the next number: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ___
the next term is 42
the next term is 42
See lessThe term ‘Swadeshi Movement’ was first coined by?
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Introduction The Union Budget 2025-26, presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on February 1, 2025, outlines the government’s vision for economic growth, inclusivity, and global positioning. The budget sets a roadmap for Viksit Bharat, with key focus areas being agriculture, ...
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is widely regarded as the "Father of the Indian Space Program." He was an exceptional scientist, visionary, and institution builder who played a pivotal role in laying the foundation of space research and development in India. Key Contributions: 1. Establishment of ISRO: Dr. SaraRead more
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is widely regarded as the “Father of the Indian Space Program.” He was an exceptional scientist, visionary, and institution builder who played a pivotal role in laying the foundation of space research and development in India.
Key Contributions:
1. Establishment of ISRO:
Dr. Sarabhai was instrumental in establishing the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969, envisioning space technology as a tool for national development.
2. Vision for Space Science:
He believed in harnessing space technology for the benefit of common people, focusing on applications like communication, weather forecasting, and education.
3. Launch of India’s First Satellite:
Under his guidance, India began the work that eventually led to the successful launch of Aryabhata, the country’s first satellite, in 1975.
4. Institution Building:
He established premier institutes like the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad, which became a hub for space and atmospheric research.
He was also involved in setting up the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad.
5. International Collaboration:
Dr. Sarabhai was instrumental in securing support from NASA for the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE), a landmark project to bring education to remote areas using satellite technology.
Awards and Honors:
Padma Bhushan (1966)
Padma Vibhushan (posthumously, 1972)
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai’s legacy continues to inspire ISRO and the nation, making him a towering figure in India’s scientific and technological achievements.
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