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Arjita
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Poll
ArjitaBeginner
Asked: 10 months agoIn: , ,
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Homo sapiens first emerged during which period?

Homo sapiens first emerged during which period?

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homo sapienshuman evolutionpaleolithicprehistory
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Homo sapiens first appeared in the late Paleolithic period, around 300,000 years ago, characterized by advanced tool-making and early forms of symbolic communication.

    Homo sapiens first appeared in the late Paleolithic period, around 300,000 years ago, characterized by advanced tool-making and early forms of symbolic communication.

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Arjita
  • 5
Poll
ArjitaBeginner
Asked: 10 months agoIn: , ,
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The Neolithic Revolution is characterized by which of the following transitions?

The Neolithic Revolution is characterized by which of the following transitions?

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agricultureneolithicrevolution
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    The correct answer is: From hunting-gathering to settled agriculture. Explanation: The Neolithic Revolution marks a significant transformation in human history when societies shifted from a nomadic, hunting-gathering lifestyle to one of settled agriculture and domestication of animals. This transitiRead more

    The correct answer is: From hunting-gathering to settled agriculture.

    Explanation:

    The Neolithic Revolution marks a significant transformation in human history when societies shifted from a nomadic, hunting-gathering lifestyle to one of settled agriculture and domestication of animals. This transition occurred around 10,000 BCE in different parts of the world.

    Key Features of the Neolithic Revolution:

    1. Agriculture:
      • Cultivation of crops like wheat, barley, rice, and maize began.
      • It allowed for food surplus, leading to population growth.
    2. Domestication of Animals:
      • Animals like sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated for food, labor, and other resources.
    3. Sedentary Lifestyle:
      • People started living in permanent settlements, giving rise to early villages and communities.
    4. Stone Tools:
      • Tools became more specialized, such as sickles and grinding stones for farming activities. However, metal tools came much later.
    5. Social Organization:
      • With surplus food, societies began to develop divisions of labor and complex social structures.

    Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

    1. From stone tools to metal tools:
      • This transition occurred later, during the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages.
    2. From nomadic life to urbanization:
      • Urbanization happened much later, during the Bronze Age, after the development of cities like those in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley.
    3. From nomadic life to urbanization (duplicate option):
      • Urbanization was not a direct feature of the Neolithic Revolution.

    Thus, the Neolithic Revolution is best characterized by the transition from hunting-gathering to settled agriculture.

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Arjita
  • 5
Poll
ArjitaBeginner
Asked: 10 months agoIn: , ,
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The economy of the Mesolithic period was primarily based on which of the following?

The economy of the Mesolithic period was primarily based on which of the following?

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economyhistorymesolithicprehistory
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    The correct answer is: Hunting and gathering. Explanation: The Mesolithic period (Middle Stone Age) is characterized by a transitional phase between the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) and Neolithic (New Stone Age). During this period, human societies primarily relied on hunting, gathering, and fishingRead more

    The correct answer is: Hunting and gathering.

    Explanation:

    The Mesolithic period (Middle Stone Age) is characterized by a transitional phase between the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) and Neolithic (New Stone Age). During this period, human societies primarily relied on hunting, gathering, and fishing as their main economic activities. However, they also began experimenting with early forms of domestication and primitive agriculture.

    Key Features of the Mesolithic Economy:

    1. Hunting and Gathering:
      • The primary source of food was hunting animals and gathering wild plants, nuts, and fruits.
      • Tools like microliths (small, sharp stone tools) were used to make weapons like arrows and harpoons for more efficient hunting.
    2. Fishing:
      • Fishing became an important activity, with the development of tools like fish hooks and nets.
    3. Early Domestication:
      • While the Mesolithic economy was predominantly based on hunting and gathering, some evidence suggests the beginning of animal domestication (e.g., dogs) and rudimentary agriculture.
    4. Seasonal Settlements:
      • People began living in semi-permanent shelters as they exploited resources in specific areas.

    Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

    1. Agriculture:
      • Agriculture became the dominant economic activity in the Neolithic period, not the Mesolithic period.
    2. Pastoralism:
      • While early domestication began in the Mesolithic period, full-fledged pastoralism emerged later during the Neolithic period.
    3. Industry:
      • The concept of industry is associated with much later periods, such as the Industrial Revolution.

    Thus, the economy of the Mesolithic period was primarily based on hunting and gathering.

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Arjita
  • 4
Poll
ArjitaBeginner
Asked: 10 months agoIn:
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Which of the following tools were commonly used during the Paleolithic period?

Which of the following tools were commonly used during the Paleolithic period?

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historypaleolithicprehistorytools
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    The correct answer is Stone tools. Explanation: The Paleolithic period (Old Stone Age) is characterized by the use of stone tools, as this was a time before humans discovered how to work with metals. Early humans made tools primarily from stone, and these tools were used for hunting, gathering, andRead more

    The correct answer is Stone tools.

    Explanation:

    The Paleolithic period (Old Stone Age) is characterized by the use of stone tools, as this was a time before humans discovered how to work with metals. Early humans made tools primarily from stone, and these tools were used for hunting, gathering, and basic survival tasks.

    Why other options are incorrect:

    1. Iron tools: Iron tools were developed much later, during the Iron Age (around 1200 BCE onwards).
    2. Bronze tools: Bronze tools belong to the Bronze Age (around 3300–1200 BCE), which followed the Neolithic period.
    3. Copper tools: Copper tools were first used in the Chalcolithic period (Copper Age), which came after the Stone Age.

    The Paleolithic period is defined by the use of stone tools only.

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Pankaj Gupta
  • 4
Poll
Pankaj GuptaScholar
Asked: 10 months agoIn: , , ,
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In which one of the following regions was Dhanyakataka, which flourished as a prominent Buddhist centre under the Mahasanghikas, located?                                          ...Read more

In which one of the following regions was Dhanyakataka, which flourished as a prominent Buddhist centre under the Mahasanghikas, located?                                                                                    [2023]

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buddhist centerdhanyakatakahistorymahasanghikaspollquestionupsc pre 2023
  1. Shefali
    Shefali Explorer

    Dhanyakataka was a significant ancient city that emerged as a prominent Buddhist center, particularly under the Mahasanghikas, an early Buddhist sect. This city is primarily associated with the region of Andhra. Historical Context Location and Significance: Dhanyakataka is believed to have been locaRead more

    Dhanyakataka was a significant ancient city that emerged as a prominent Buddhist center, particularly under the Mahasanghikas, an early Buddhist sect. This city is primarily associated with the region of Andhra.

    Historical Context

    1. Location and Significance:
      • Dhanyakataka is believed to have been located near present-day Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh, India. This region played a crucial role in the spread of Buddhism during the early centuries of the Common Era.
      • The city served as a vital hub for Buddhist learning and practice, fostering the growth of monastic communities.
    2. The Mahasanghikas:
      • The Mahasanghikas were one of the earliest sects of Buddhism, known for their more liberal interpretations of Buddhist doctrine compared to other sects. They were instrumental in the dissemination of Buddhist teachings and practices across different regions.
      • Under their influence, Dhanyakataka developed into a key center for Buddhist activities, attracting monks, scholars, and pilgrims.
    3. Nearby Monastic Centers:
      • The famous Amaravati Stupa, located near Dhanyakataka, was one of the largest stupas in the region and served as a major site for Buddhist worship and pilgrimage. It is often referred to in ancient inscriptions as a mahachaitya, signifying its importance.
      • The stupa’s architectural grandeur and the rich sculptural reliefs that adorned it contributed to the cultural and religious significance of Dhanyakataka.
    4. Cultural Exchange:
      • The strategic location of Dhanyakataka along trade routes facilitated cultural exchange between various regions. Merchants, travelers, and scholars contributed to the vibrant intellectual and spiritual life of the city, making it a melting pot of ideas and beliefs.
      • Dhanyakataka’s proximity to other notable cities in the region, such as Nagarjunakonda and Kalinga, further enhanced its prominence as a Buddhist center.

    The correct answer to the question “In which one of the following regions was Dhanyakataka, which flourished as a prominent Buddhist center under the Mahasanghikas, located?” is Andhra. The city’s historical and cultural significance, combined with its role as a center of Buddhist learning and practice, highlights its importance in the broader context of Indian history and the spread of Buddhism.

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Pankaj Gupta
  • 4
Poll
Pankaj GuptaScholar
Asked: 10 months agoIn: ,
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Consider the following statements:                                                                          ...Read more

Consider the following statements:                                                                                        [2023]
Statement-I: The Supreme Court of India has held in some judgements that the reservation policies made under Article 16(4) of the Constitution of India would be limited by Article 335 for maintenance of efficiency of administration.
Statement-II: Article 335 of the Constitution of India defines the term ‘efficiency of administration’.

 

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article 335constitution of indiapolitypollquestionupsc pre 2023
  1. Urmila
    Urmila Explorer

    Let's analyze the statements: Statement I: The Supreme Court of India has held in some judgments that reservation policies made under Article 16(4) would be limited by Article 335 to maintain the efficiency of administration. This is correct. The Supreme Court, in various rulings (such as the IndraRead more

    Let’s analyze the statements:

    Statement I:
    The Supreme Court of India has held in some judgments that reservation policies made under Article 16(4) would be limited by Article 335 to maintain the efficiency of administration.
    This is correct. The Supreme Court, in various rulings (such as the Indra Sawhney case), has emphasized that while Article 16(4) provides for reservations in public employment, it must be balanced with Article 335, which states that the claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes must be consistent with maintaining the efficiency of administration.

    Statement II:
    Article 335 defines the term “efficiency of administration.”
    This is incorrect. Article 335 does not define “efficiency of administration.” It only mentions that the claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes should be taken into consideration, consistent with the maintenance of efficiency of administration. However, it does not provide a definition of “efficiency.”

    Correct answer:
    Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

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Pankaj Gupta
  • 3
Poll
Pankaj GuptaScholar
Asked: 10 months agoIn: , ,
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With reference to ‘Scheduled Areas’ in India, consider the following statements:                   [2023]1. Within a State, the notification of an area as Scheduled Area takes place through an Order of the President.Read more

With reference to ‘Scheduled Areas’ in India, consider the following statements:                   [2023]
1. Within a State, the notification of an area as Scheduled Area takes place through an Order of the President.
2. The largest administrative unit forming the Scheduled Area is the District and the lowest is the cluster of villages in the Block.
3. The Chief Ministers of the concerned States are required to submit annual reports to the Union Home Ministry on the administration of Scheduled Areas in the States.

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politypollquestionscheduled areassocietyupsc pre 2023
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Statement 1 is accurate since, under Schedule V (Article 244) of the Indian Constitution, the President is empowered to declare specific regions as Scheduled Areas. Paragraph VI of the Fifth Schedule explicitly states that the term "Scheduled Areas" refers to those areas that the President may declaRead more

    Statement 1 is accurate since, under Schedule V (Article 244) of the Indian Constitution, the President is empowered to declare specific regions as Scheduled Areas. Paragraph VI of the Fifth Schedule explicitly states that the term “Scheduled Areas” refers to those areas that the President may declare through an official order.

    Statement 2 is also correct. In April 2018, the Union Cabinet approved the declaration of certain areas in Rajasthan as Scheduled Areas under the Fifth Schedule. This included three entire districts—Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh—along with nine complete tehsils, one block, and 46 full gram panchayats across multiple districts like Udaipur, Rajsamand, Chittorgarh, Pali, and Sirohi. It is important to note that while a block can consist of a cluster of villages, individual villages from within a block can be grouped together to form the smallest administrative unit within the Scheduled Areas framework.

    Statement 3 is incorrect. According to the Constitution, the Governor of a state with Scheduled Areas is responsible for submitting annual reports to the President regarding the management and governance of those areas. Additionally, the President may require such a report at any time. Furthermore, the Union Government holds the authority to issue directions to state governments regarding the administration of these areas.

    Therefore, the correct answer is Only two.

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Harpreet
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HarpreetBeginner
Asked: 10 months agoIn: ,
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What are the basic principles of electrical engineering?

What are the basic principles of electrical engineering?

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electrical engineeringquestion
  1. Harpreet
    Harpreet Beginner
    This answer was edited.

    Basic Principles of Electrical Engineering 1. Ohm's Law Statement: V=IR Description: Ohm's Law relates voltage VV, current I, and resistance R in an electrical circuit. It states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points andRead more

    Basic Principles of Electrical Engineering

    1. Ohm’s Law

    Statement:

    V=IR

    Description: Ohm’s Law relates voltage
    V    V    , current I, and resistance R in an electrical circuit. It states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance.

    2. Kirchhoff’s Laws

    (a) Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

    Statement: The total current entering a junction in a circuit is equal to the total current leaving the junction.

    Description: KCL is based on the principle of conservation of electric charge.

    (b) Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

    Statement: The sum of all the voltages around a closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero. Description: KVL is based on the principle of conservation of energy.

    3. Coulomb’s Law

    Statement:

    F=keq1q2r2F = k_e \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}

    Description: Coulomb’s Law describes the electrostatic force between two charged particles. The force is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

    4. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction

    Statement:

    E=−dΦBdt\mathcal{E} = – \frac{d\Phi_B}{dt}

    Description: Faraday’s Law states that a change in magnetic flux through a coil induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the coil. This principle is the basis for electric generators, transformers, and inductors.

    5. Lenz’s Law

    Statement: The direction of the induced current (or EMF) is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that caused it.

    Description: Lenz’s Law ensures that energy conservation is maintained in electromagnetic systems.

    6. Gauss’s Law

    Statement: The total electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed divided by the permittivity of the medium:

    ΦE=Qnecencε0\Phi_E = \frac{Q_{\text{enc}}}{\varepsilon_0}

    Description: Gauss’s Law explains the relationship between electric charge and electric field.

    7. Conservation of Energy

    Statement: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

    Description: In electrical systems, energy is typically converted between electrical, mechanical, and thermal forms, governed by this principle.

    8. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation (Maxwell’s Equations)

    Description: Maxwell’s equations describe how electric and magnetic fields propagate and interact. They govern the behavior of electromagnetic waves, which are essential in communication systems, antennas, and waveguides. The four key equations are:

    • Gauss’s Law for Electricity
    • Gauss’s Law for Magnetism
    • Faraday’s Law of Induction
    • Ampère’s Law (with Maxwell’s correction)

    9. Superposition Principle

    Statement: In a linear system, the response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses that would have been caused by each stimulus individually.

    Description: The principle of superposition is used in the analysis of linear circuits to simplify the study of complex circuits with multiple sources.

    10. Capacitance and Inductance

    (a) Capacitance

    Description: Capacitance is the ability of a system to store electric charge. It is defined by the relationship:

    Q=CV

    ,where 
    C    C     is the capacitance,
    Q    Q     is the charge, and V is the voltage.

    (b) Inductance

    Description: Inductance is the ability of a conductor to store energy in the form of a magnetic field when current flows through it. The induced EMF is given by:

    E=LdIdt\mathcal{E} = L \frac{dI}{dt}

    , where L is the inductance and 
    I    I     is the current.

    11. Impedance

    Description: Impedance is the opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) and is the combination of resistance, inductive reactance, and capacitive reactance. Impedance is represented as a complex quantity:

    Z=R+jX

    , where X is the reactance.

     

    12. Power in Electrical Circuits

    (a) DC Power

    P=VI

    , where P  is the power, V is the voltage, and I is the current.

    (b) AC Power

    In AC circuits, power is divided into:

    • Real power
      P      P
    • Reactive power Q
    • Apparent power SS

    The power factor plays a key role in determining the efficiency of power transfer in AC systems.

    13. Transformers

    Description: A transformer transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. The relationship between primary and secondary voltages is governed by the turn ratio of the transformer.

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Arjita
  • 4
Poll
ArjitaBeginner
Asked: 10 months agoIn: ,
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Consider the following statements: Once the Central Government notifies an area as a ‘Community Reserve’                                                       ...Read more

Consider the following statements: Once the Central Government notifies an area as a ‘Community Reserve’                                                                                                                        [2023]
1.  The Chief Wildlife Warden of the State becomes the governing authority of such forest
2.  Hunting is not allowed in such area.
3.  People of such area are allowed to collect non-timber forest produce.
4.  People of such area are allowed traditional agricultural practices.

 

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community reserveenvironmentpollquestionupsc pre 2023wildlife
  1. Shefali
    Shefali Explorer

    Statement 1: "The Chief Wildlife Warden of the State becomes the governing authority of such forest." This is incorrect. As per Section 36D of the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act 2002, a Community Reserve management committee is formed by the State Government, and this committee, not the Chief WRead more

    1. Statement 1: “The Chief Wildlife Warden of the State becomes the governing authority of such forest.”
      • This is incorrect. As per Section 36D of the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act 2002, a Community Reserve management committee is formed by the State Government, and this committee, not the Chief Wildlife Warden, is responsible for managing the Community Reserve.
    2. Statement 2: “Hunting is not allowed in such area.”
      • This is correct. As per Section 36C(2) of the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act 2002, the restrictions applicable to wildlife sanctuaries, including the ban on hunting, apply to Community Reserves as well.
    3. Statement 3: “People of such area are allowed to collect non-timber forest produce.”
      • This is correct. The local communities are generally allowed to collect non-timber forest produce in Community Reserves, as they are designed to integrate conservation with sustainable use by the local people.
    4. Statement 4: “People of such area are allowed traditional agricultural practices.”
      • This is correct. Traditional agricultural practices are permitted in Community Reserves as long as they do not harm wildlife conservation efforts.

    Conclusion:

    • Statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct.
    • Statement 1 is incorrect.

    Thus, the correct answer is Only three.

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Urmila
  • 4
Poll
UrmilaExplorer
Asked: 10 months agoIn: ,
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With reference to Finance Bill and Money Bill in the Indian Parliament, consider the following statements:                                                  ...Read more

With reference to Finance Bill and Money Bill in the Indian Parliament, consider the following statements:                                                                                                                                        [2023]
1.  When the Lok Sabha transmits Finance Bill to the Rajya Sabha, it can amend or reject the Bill.
2.  When the Lok Sabha transmits Money Bill to the Rajya Sabha, it cannot amend or reject the Bill, it can only make recommendations.
3. In the case of disagreement between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, there is no joint sitting for Money Bill, but a joint sitting becomes necessary for Finance Bill.

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finance bilmoney billpolitypollquestionupsc pre 2023
  1. Urmila
    Urmila Explorer

    Here is the analysis of the three statements: Statement 1: "When the Lok Sabha transmits Finance Bill to the Rajya Sabha, it can amend or reject the Bill." This statement is incorrect because, as per the text, a Finance Bill is a Money Bill, and the Rajya Sabha cannot amend or reject it. The Rajya SRead more

    Here is the analysis of the three statements:

    1. Statement 1: “When the Lok Sabha transmits Finance Bill to the Rajya Sabha, it can amend or reject the Bill.”
      • This statement is incorrect because, as per the text, a Finance Bill is a Money Bill, and the Rajya Sabha cannot amend or reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only recommend changes, which the Lok Sabha may accept or reject.
    2. Statement 2: “When the Lok Sabha transmits Money Bill to the Rajya Sabha, it cannot amend or reject the Bill, it can only make recommendations.”
      • This statement is correct as per the explanation provided. The Rajya Sabha has limited powers over a Money Bill and can only make recommendations.
    3. Statement 3: “In the case of disagreement between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, there is no joint sitting for Money Bill, but a joint sitting becomes necessary for Finance Bill.”
      • This statement is incorrect because a Finance Bill is a Money Bill, and there is no provision for a joint sitting for a Money Bill.

    Conclusion:

    • Statement 2 is correct.
    • Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.

    Thus, the correct answer is Only one.

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