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In Java, consider the following code snippet:Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter your age: "); int age = sc.nextInt(); System.out.print("Enter your full name: "); String name = sc.nextLine(); System.out.println("Age: " + age); System.out.println("Name: " + name);When ...Read more
In Java, consider the following code snippet:
When the input is:
The output is:
Explain why the nextLine() method appears to “skip” input in this case.
What is the difference between next() and nextLine()?
What is the difference between next() and nextLine()?
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1. next() Function: Reads the next token (word) from input. Delimiter: Stops reading when it encounters whitespace (space, tab, or newline). Ignores: Leading whitespace before the token. Use case: Good for reading single words. Example: Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter yoRead more
next()Function: Reads the next token (word) from input.
Delimiter: Stops reading when it encounters whitespace (space, tab, or newline).
Ignores: Leading whitespace before the token.
Use case: Good for reading single words.
Example:
Input:
Output:
👉 It only captures "Rahul" because next() stops at the first space.
nextLine()Function: Reads the entire line of input (until Enter/\n).
Delimiter: Stops only when the newline character is encountered.
Use case: Good for reading sentences or full lines with spaces.
Example:
Input:
Output:
👉 Here it captures the whole line, including spaces.
| Feature | next() | nextLine() |
|---|---|---|
| Reads up to | Whitespace (space, tab, newline) | End of line (\n) |
| Can read spaces? | ❌ No (stops at space) | ✅ Yes (includes spaces) |
| Best for | Single words/tokens | Full sentences / whole line |
What are the most effective ecosystem-based methods for wetland recovery and flood control?
What are the most effective ecosystem-based methods for wetland recovery and flood control?
Read lessThe best nature-based solutions (NbS) for restoring wetlands and preventing floods work by mimicking or enhancing natural processes to improve water management, biodiversity, and resilience to climate impacts. Here are the most effective strategies: 🌿 1. Wetland Restoration and Reconnection What itRead more
The best nature-based solutions (NbS) for restoring wetlands and preventing floods work by mimicking or enhancing natural processes to improve water management, biodiversity, and resilience to climate impacts. Here are the most effective strategies:
🌿 1. Wetland Restoration and Reconnection
What it is: Rehabilitating degraded wetlands by reintroducing native vegetation, removing invasive species, and reconnecting wetlands to rivers and floodplains.
Benefits: Restores the wetland’s natural ability to absorb and slow floodwaters, filter pollutants, and support wildlife.
🌊 2. Floodplain Reconnection
What it is: Allowing rivers to overflow into their natural floodplains by removing levees or modifying embankments.
Benefits: Reduces flood peaks downstream, replenishes groundwater, and improves habitat quality.
🌱 3. Reforestation and Riparian Buffer Zones
What it is: Planting native trees and vegetation along rivers and streams.
Benefits: Stabilizes soil, reduces erosion, slows runoff, and enhances water infiltration, reducing the severity of floods.
🐟 4. Restoring Natural Hydrology
What it is: Removing drainage systems, dams, or other artificial barriers that alter water flow.
Benefits: Restores natural water cycles, increases water retention in landscapes, and supports wetland function.
🌾 5. Constructed Wetlands and Retention Basins
What it is: Creating man-made wetlands designed to mimic natural ones for water storage and filtration.
Benefits: Helps manage stormwater, reduces urban flooding, and treats runoff before it enters natural water bodies.
🌬️ 6. Coastal Wetland and Mangrove Restoration (for coastal areas)
What it is: Replanting and protecting salt marshes or mangroves.
Benefits: Acts as a buffer against storm surges, reduces coastal flooding, and supports marine biodiversity.
✅ Summary of Benefits:
Flood regulation through water storage and slowed runoff
Water purification by filtering sediments and pollutants
Carbon sequestration and climate resilience
Biodiversity support and improved habitat quality
These solutions are most effective when integrated into broader land and water management policies, supported by community involvement, and tailored to local ecosystems.
Taenia solium is the pork tapeworm, a parasitic flatworm (helminth) that infects both humans and pigs. Type of organism: Parasitic cestode (tapeworm) Hosts: Definitive host: Humans (adult worm lives in the small intestine) Intermediate host: Pigs (larval cysts in muscles) — but humans can also becomRead more
Taenia solium is the pork tapeworm, a parasitic flatworm (helminth) that infects both humans and pigs.
Type of organism: Parasitic cestode (tapeworm)
Hosts:
Definitive host: Humans (adult worm lives in the small intestine)
Intermediate host: Pigs (larval cysts in muscles) — but humans can also become accidental intermediate hosts.
Diseases caused:
Transmission:
Eating undercooked or raw pork containing cysticerci (larvae).
Consuming food or water contaminated with tapeworm eggs from human feces.
Significance: Recognized by the WHO as a major cause of preventable epilepsy worldwide, especially in parts of Latin America, Africa, and Asia.
In the five factor model of personality which one of the following focuses on the individual’s ability in organizing, taking responsibility and being efficient? a) extraversion b) agreeableness c) Conscientiousness d) Openness to experience
In the five factor model of personality which one of the following focuses on the individual’s ability in organizing, taking responsibility and being efficient?
a) extraversion
b) agreeableness
c) Conscientiousness
d) Openness to experience
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In Java programming sum(5,6) will call for which of these functions in a class sum(double a, int b) or sum(int a, int b) ?
In Java programming sum(5,6) will call for which of these functions in a class sum(double a, int b) or sum(int a, int b) ?
Read lessIn Java, the method that will be called when you write sum(5, 6) depends on method overloading resolution, which considers the most specific match based on the types of the arguments. Given: sum(5, 6); Here, both arguments are integers (int literals). And you have two overloaded methods: sum(int a,Read more
In Java, the method that will be called when you write sum(5, 6) depends on method overloading resolution, which considers the most specific match based on the types of the arguments.
Given:
sum(5, 6);
Here, both arguments are integers (int literals).
And you have two overloaded methods:
sum(int a, int b)
sum(double a, int b)
Resolution:
Java will choose the most specific method that matches the argument types without needing conversion.
sum(int a, int b) matches exactly.
sum(double a, int b) would require widening the first int to a double.
Therefore, sum(int a, int b) will be called.
Summary:
In Java, when overloading methods:
Java prefers exact matches.
Widening conversions (like int to double) are only used if no exact match is found.
So:
sum(5, 6); // calls sum(int a, int b)
See lessWhat will be the output of substring(0,0) in java?
What will be the output of substring(0,0) in java?
Read lessIn Java, the substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) method returns a new string starting from beginIndex (inclusive) and ending at endIndex (exclusive). Example: String str = "example"; System.out.println(str.substring(0, 0)); Output: "" This means an empty string is returned. Explanation: beginIndRead more
In Java, the substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) method returns a new string starting from beginIndex (inclusive) and ending at endIndex (exclusive).
Example:
String str = “example”;
System.out.println(str.substring(0, 0));
Output: “”
This means an empty string is returned.
Explanation:
beginIndex = 0 (inclusive)
endIndex = 0 (exclusive)
No characters are selected, so the result is an empty string “”.
See lessWhat is the difference between whitespace and unicode space character.
What is the difference between whitespace and unicode space character.
Read lessKey Difference Term Whitespace Unicode Space Character Definition Any character that creates "blank" space in text (invisible characters that separate words or lines). Specific space-like characters defined in the Unicode standard. Scope A broad category that includes a variety of invisible characteRead more
Key Difference
Term Whitespace Unicode Space Character
Definition Any character that creates “blank” space in text (invisible characters that separate words or lines). Specific space-like characters defined in the Unicode standard.
Scope A broad category that includes a variety of invisible characters like spaces, tabs, and newlines. A subset of Unicode characters that are defined as various types of space.
Examples ‘ ‘ (space), \n (newline), \t (tab), \r (carriage return) U+0020 (Space), U+00A0 (No-Break Space), U+2003 (Em Space), U+2009 (Thin Space), etc.
In Java / Programming Identified by Character.isWhitespace() Each Unicode space has a specific code point, width, and behavior in rendering.
1. Whitespace Characters
These are general characters that create space but are often interpreted by programming languages or parsers.
In Java, Character.isWhitespace(c) returns true for:
Standard space ‘ ‘ (U+0020)
Tab \t (U+0009)
Newline \n (U+000A)
Carriage return \r (U+000D)
Vertical tab \u000B
Form feed \u000C
All Unicode characters categorized as whitespace.
2. Unicode Space Characters
Unicode defines many space characters explicitly, each with a specific purpose or width. Here are a few notable ones:
Unicode Name Width/Use
U+0020 Space Standard space character
U+00A0 No-Break Space Same as space but prevents line breaks
U+2000 En Quad Space equal to 1 en
U+2001 Em Quad Space equal to 1 em
U+2002 En Space Narrower than em space
U+2003 Em Space Wider space for typesetting
U+2009 Thin Space Very narrow space
U+202F Narrow No-Break Space Narrower than no-break space
U+3000 Ideographic Space Used in East Asian scripts, full-width
These characters may not be detected by simple string manipulations unless Unicode-aware methods are used.
Important Distinctions
All Unicode space characters are whitespace, but not all whitespace characters are Unicode space characters.
Some whitespace characters (like \n, \t) are control characters, not printable spaces.
Unicode spaces may have width, non-breaking behavior, or typographic purpose.
Summary
Concept Includes
Whitespace Spaces, tabs, newlines, form feeds, etc.
Unicode Space Characters Precisely defined space characters like U+00A0, U+2002, U+2003, etc.
India’s upcoming census (by March 2027) will include caste for the first time since 1951. Will this help improve social justice and policy targeting, or risk reinforcing caste divisions?
What is primary amebic meningoencephalitis ?
What is primary amebic meningoencephalitis ?
Read lessPrimary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare, usually fatal brain infection caused by the amoeba Naegleria fowleri. This free-living amoeba is commonly found in warm freshwater environments like lakes, rivers, and hot springs, as well as in poorly maintained pools or contaminated water supplieRead more
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare, usually fatal brain infection caused by the amoeba Naegleria fowleri. This free-living amoeba is commonly found in warm freshwater environments like lakes, rivers, and hot springs, as well as in poorly maintained pools or contaminated water supplies.
PAM occurs when the amoeba enters the body through the nose, typically during activities like swimming or diving. From there, it travels to the brain, causing severe inflammation of the brain and its surrounding membranes (meningoencephalitis). Symptoms usually start within 1–9 days and include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, confusion, seizures, and coma. The infection progresses rapidly, often leading to death within days if untreated.
Diagnosis is challenging and typically involves detecting the amoeba in cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue, often confirmed posthumously. Treatment is difficult due to the rapid progression and limited effective drugs, but regimens may include antifungal and antimicrobial agents like amphotericin B, miltefosine, and others, with supportive care. Survival is rare, with only a few documented cases globally.
Prevention focuses on avoiding exposure: using nose clips while swimming in warm freshwater, ensuring proper pool maintenance, and avoiding untreated water for nasal irrigation. The CDC and WHO emphasize that PAM is not contagious and cannot be contracted from drinking contaminated water.
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The nextLine() method appears to skip input because after executing nextInt(), the newline character (\n) from pressing Enter is still left in the input buffer. When nextLine() is called immediately after, it reads this leftover newline character instead of waiting for new user input. As a result, iRead more
The
nextLine()method appears to skip input because after executingnextInt(), the newline character (\n) from pressing Enter is still left in the input buffer.When
nextLine()is called immediately after, it reads this leftover newline character instead of waiting for new user input. As a result, it returns an empty string and seems to “skip” the input.To fix the issue, insert an extra
sc.nextLine();afternextInt()to consume the leftover newline character.Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(“Enter your age: “);
int age = sc.nextInt();
sc.nextLine(); // consume the leftover newline
System.out.print(“Enter your full name: “);
String name = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println(“Age: ” + age);
System.out.println(“Name: ” + name);
Now, if the input is:
20
Rahul Sharma
The output will be:
Age: 20
See lessName: Rahul Sharma