What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a central role in protein synthesis by carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are assembled:
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The ribosomes use this information to build proteins.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Carries amino acids to the ribosomes. Each tRNA molecule is specific to one amino acid and carries it to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Forms the core of the ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place. rRNA molecules interact with mRNA and tRNA to facilitate protein assembly.
RNA also has other roles in cells, including:
Catalytic: Some types of RNA carry out biochemical reactions, similar to enzymes.
Regulatory: Many types of RNA regulate gene expression and protect against viruses.
Initiating DNA synthesis: RNA primers are introduced at the template DNA site to initiate DNA synthesis.
Errors in RNA production or sequence can cause disease in humans. For example, Diamond Blackfan anemia is caused by a defect in ribosome production, and some forms of diabetes are caused by mutations in tRNA.