Figure skating routines incorporate a variety of technical elements that showcase a skater’s skill, artistry, and athleticism. The main techniques used in figure skating routines include:

1. Jumps

Axel Jump: This is the only jump that takes off from a forward edge. It requires an extra half rotation, making it one of the most challenging jumps.

Toe Jumps: These include the Toe Loop, Flip, and Lutz. They start with a toe pick on the ice for takeoff.

Edge Jumps: These include the Salchow and Loop jumps, which take off from the edge of the skate without the use of the toe pick.

Combinations: Skaters often perform combinations of jumps in quick succession to increase the routine’s difficulty and earn more points.

2. Spins

Upright Spin: A basic spin where the skater remains upright.

Sit Spin: The skater’s body is low to the ice, with one leg extended forward.

Camel Spin: The skater extends one leg behind while spinning, maintaining a parallel position to the ice.

Flying Spins: Spins that involve a jump into the spinning position, adding complexity.

3. Footwork Sequences

Steps and Turns: Skaters perform intricate patterns on the ice using various steps like mohawks, choctaws, and rockers, as well as turns such as three-turns and brackets.

Edge Work: Precision in using the inside and outside edges of the blades is crucial for control and fluidity.

4. Lifts (in Pairs Skating)

Overhead Lifts: The male partner lifts the female partner above his head while skating.

Twist Lifts: The female partner is thrown into the air, performs twists, and is caught by her partner.

Death Spiral: The male partner holds the female partner’s hand while she circles around him close to the ice in a deep lean.

5. Choreographic Elements

Transitions: Movements that link jumps, spins, and other elements, enhancing the flow and artistry of the routine.

Interpretation: Skaters express the music’s character and rhythm through their movements and expressions, adding an emotional dimension to the performance.

6. Pairs and Ice Dance Techniques

Synchronization: In pairs skating and ice dance, partners must perform in perfect harmony.

Lifts and Throws (Pairs): Throws involve the male partner launching the female partner into a jump, adding complexity to the performance.

Dance Spins and Lifts (Ice Dance): These are less about height and more about grace and form, following specific rules to maintain the dance essence.

These techniques, combined with artistic expression, make figure skating a captivating blend of sport and art.