The capital of the Chola Empire during its peak was Gangaikonda Cholapuram , but since there is no such option so “Thanjavur” is the best choice.

Here’s a detailed breakdown:

1. Original Capital: Thanjavur (Tanjore)

• Thanjavur was the initial and historic capital of the Chola Empire, especially under kings like Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014 CE).

• It was here that the iconic Brihadeeswarar Temple was built — a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol of Chola architectural and political grandeur.

2. New Capital: Gangaikonda Cholapuram

• In the reign of Rajendra Chola I (1014–1044 CE), the empire expanded vastly — reaching up to the Ganges River in the north and Southeast Asia (Srivijaya) by naval conquest.

• To commemorate this northern expedition and Ganges conquest, he built a new capital called:

Gangaikonda Cholapuram
(Meaning: “The city of the Chola who conquered the Ganga”)

Significance:

• Served as the imperial capital during the height of Chola power.

• Featured a grand temple, the Gangaikondacholeeswarar Temple, modeled on the Brihadeeswarar Temple but with refined architectural innovations.

• It symbolized political dominance, cultural sophistication, and religious patronage.

Summary Table:

Final Note:

While Thanjavur laid the foundations of Chola grandeur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram represented the zenith of their political, military, and cultural power.