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Vaishnavi
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VaishnaviExplorer
Asked: 5 months agoIn:
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what is the difference between fundamental rights and fundamental duties?

what is the difference between fundamental rights and fundamental duties?

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  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Differences between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties are: Aspect Fundamental Rights Fundamental Duties Definition Basic human rights guaranteed by the Constitution to all citizens. Responsibilities expected from citizens to promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. NaRead more

    Differences between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties are:

    AspectFundamental RightsFundamental Duties
    DefinitionBasic human rights guaranteed by the Constitution to all citizens.Responsibilities expected from citizens to promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India.
    NatureJusticiable (enforceable by courts).Non-justiciable (not enforceable by courts).
    PurposeTo protect individual liberties and promote equality.To remind citizens of their responsibilities towards the nation and society.
    NumberSix categories (originally seven).Eleven duties.
    IncorporationPart III of the Indian Constitution.Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution (added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976).
    ExamplesRight to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right to Life and Personal Liberty.Duty to abide by the Constitution, respect the national flag and anthem, protect the environment.
    ApplicabilityApplicable to individuals (citizens and sometimes non-citizens).Applicable to all citizens of India.
    ObjectiveTo empower citizens by ensuring freedoms and rights.To remind citizens of their duties towards the nation.
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Pankaj Gupta
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Poll
Pankaj GuptaScholar
Asked: 5 months agoIn: ,
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Which one of the following options is correct in respect of the given statements?                           [2023]Statement–I: The soil in tropical rain forests is rich in nutrients.Statement-II: The high ...Read more

Which one of the following options is correct in respect of the given statements?                           [2023]
Statement–I: The soil in tropical rain forests is rich in nutrients.
Statement-II: The high temperature and moisture of tropical rain forests cause dead organic matter in the soil to decompose quickly.

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soilupsc pre 2023
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Correct Answer: Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Explanation: Statement-I: "The soil in tropical rain forests is rich in nutrients." Incorrect. The soil in tropical rainforests is typically poor in nutrients. This is because heavy rainfall causes leaching, washing away nutrientsRead more

    Correct Answer: Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

    Explanation:

    1. Statement-I: “The soil in tropical rain forests is rich in nutrients.”
      Incorrect.
      The soil in tropical rainforests is typically poor in nutrients. This is because heavy rainfall causes leaching, washing away nutrients from the topsoil. Most of the nutrients in tropical rainforests are found in the biomass (plants and trees) rather than in the soil.
    2. Statement-II: “The high temperature and moisture of tropical rain forests cause dead organic matter in the soil to decompose quickly.”
      Correct.
      Tropical rainforests experience warm and humid conditions, which accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. This rapid decomposition ensures that nutrients are quickly absorbed by plants, leaving little in the soil.

    Conclusion:

    The soil in tropical rainforests is nutrient-poor, despite the rapid decomposition of organic matter due to the high temperature and moisture.
    Thus, Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct.

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Pankaj Gupta
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Poll
Pankaj GuptaScholar
Asked: 5 months agoIn: ,
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With reference to the Earth’s atmosphere, which one of the following statements is correct?       [2023]

With reference to the Earth’s atmosphere, which one of the following statements is correct?       [2023]

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atmosphereupsc pre 2023
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Correct Answer: Infrared waves are largely absorbed by water vapor that is concentrated in the lower atmosphere. Explanation: "The total amount of insolation received at the equator is roughly about 10 times that received at the poles." Incorrect. While there is a significant difference in insolatioRead more

    Correct Answer: Infrared waves are largely absorbed by water vapor that is concentrated in the lower atmosphere.

    Explanation:

    1. “The total amount of insolation received at the equator is roughly about 10 times that received at the poles.”
      Incorrect.
      While there is a significant difference in insolation between the equator and the poles due to the angle of incidence of solar radiation, it is not as extreme as 10 times. The actual difference is much smaller, generally ranging from 2 to 3 times.
    2. “Infrared rays constitute roughly two-thirds of insolation.”
      Incorrect.
      Infrared rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, but they only constitute a small portion of the incoming solar radiation (insolation). The majority of insolation consists of visible light and ultraviolet radiation.
    3. “Infrared waves are largely absorbed by water vapor that is concentrated in the lower atmosphere.”
      Correct.
      Infrared waves, which are long-wavelength radiation, are absorbed by greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. Water vapor, concentrated in the lower atmosphere (troposphere), plays a major role in absorbing and trapping infrared radiation, contributing to the greenhouse effect.
    4. “Infrared waves are a part of the visible spectrum of electromagnetic waves of solar radiation.”
      Incorrect.
      Infrared waves are not part of the visible spectrum. The visible spectrum includes wavelengths between 400-700 nanometers, whereas infrared waves are longer than this range and are not visible to the human eye.
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Pankaj Gupta
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Poll
Pankaj GuptaScholar
Asked: 5 months agoIn: ,
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Consider the following statements:                                                                          ...Read more

Consider the following statements:                                                                                                       [2023]
1.  Ballistic missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while cruise missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of flight.
2.  Agni-V is a medium-range supersonic cruise missile, while BrahMos is a solid-fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile.

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sciencetechnologyupsc pre 2023
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Let's evaluate the two statements: Statement 1: Ballistic missiles are typically rocket-propelled and follow a parabolic trajectory that reaches the upper atmosphere before re-entering and hitting the target at high speeds, often supersonic or hypersonic. Cruise missiles, on the other hand, are typiRead more

    Let’s evaluate the two statements:

    Statement 1:

    • Ballistic missiles are typically rocket-propelled and follow a parabolic trajectory that reaches the upper atmosphere before re-entering and hitting the target at high speeds, often supersonic or hypersonic.
    • Cruise missiles, on the other hand, are typically powered by jet engines throughout their flight, allowing them to travel at subsonic or supersonic speeds, depending on the type of missile. They do not rely on rockets for propulsion after launch.

    The statement that ballistic missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flight and cruise missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase is incorrect. In fact, it should be the other way around: Ballistic missiles are rocket-propelled throughout their flight, while cruise missiles are jet-powered for most of their flight.

    Statement 2:

    • Agni-V is a long-range ballistic missile, not a cruise missile. It is capable of carrying nuclear warheads and has a range of around 5,000 km, making it an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).
    • BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile, not an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). It is a joint venture between India and Russia and is one of the fastest cruise missiles in the world.

    Therefore, Statement 2 is also incorrect.

    Conclusion:

    Both statements are incorrect.

    The correct answer is: Neither 1 nor 2.

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Pankaj Gupta
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Poll
Pankaj GuptaScholar
Asked: 5 months agoIn: ,
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Which one of the following countries has its own Satellite Navigation System?                              [2023]

Which one of the following countries has its own Satellite Navigation System?                              [2023]

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sciencetechnologyupsc pre 2023
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    The country that has its own satellite navigation system is Japan. Japan's satellite navigation system is called QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System), which provides satellite-based positioning and timing information, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region. Australia, Canada, and Israel do not have theirRead more

    The country that has its own satellite navigation system is Japan. Japan’s satellite navigation system is called QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System), which provides satellite-based positioning and timing information, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region.

    • Australia, Canada, and Israel do not have their own independent satellite navigation systems like Japan.

    So, the correct answer is: Japan.

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Pankaj Gupta
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Poll
Pankaj GuptaScholar
Asked: 5 months agoIn: , ,
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Consider the following pairs:                                                                          ...Read more

Consider the following pairs:                                                                                                                 [2023]

S.noObjects in spaceDescription
1CepheidsGiant cloud of dust and gas in space
2NebulaeStars which brighten and dim periodically
3PulsarsNeutron stars that are formed when massive stars run out of fuel and collapse
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geographyscienceupsc pre 2023
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Let's evaluate the pairs one by one: Cepheids: These are stars that brighten and dim periodically due to changes in their size and temperature. The description in the pair refers to stars and not to giant clouds of dust and gas. Hence, this pair is incorrect. Nebulae: Nebulae are giant clouds of dusRead more

    Let’s evaluate the pairs one by one:

    1. Cepheids: These are stars that brighten and dim periodically due to changes in their size and temperature. The description in the pair refers to stars and not to giant clouds of dust and gas. Hence, this pair is incorrect.
    2. Nebulae: Nebulae are giant clouds of dust and gas in space, not stars that brighten and dim periodically. The description in the pair is incorrect. Hence, this pair is incorrect.
    3. Pulsars: Pulsars are indeed neutron stars that emit beams of radiation, and they are formed when massive stars run out of fuel and collapse. The description in the pair is accurate. Hence, this pair is correct.

    Therefore, only one of the pairs is correctly matched.

    The answer is: Only one.

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Pankaj Gupta
  • 2
Poll
Pankaj GuptaScholar
Asked: 5 months agoIn: , , ,
  • 2

With reference to the role of biofilters in Recirculating Aquaculture System, consider the following statements:                                                    ...Read more

With reference to the role of biofilters in Recirculating Aquaculture System, consider the following statements:                                                                                                                                                [2023]
1. Biofilters provide waste treatment by removing uneaten fish feed.
2.  Biofilters convert ammonia present in fish waste to nitrate.
3.  Biofilters increase phosphorus as nutrient for fish in water.

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aquaculture systembiofiltersupsc pre 2023
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Biofilters play a crucial role in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems by eliminating nitrogenous waste produced by aquatic organisms. They utilize nitrifying bacteria to transform toxic ammonia into nitrites, which are also harmful. Subsequently, other bacteria further convert these nitrites into harmRead more

    Biofilters play a crucial role in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems by eliminating nitrogenous waste produced by aquatic organisms. They utilize nitrifying bacteria to transform toxic ammonia into nitrites, which are also harmful. Subsequently, other bacteria further convert these nitrites into harmless nitrates, ensuring water quality. Importantly, biofilters are engineered to remove pollutants rather than introduce nutrients into the system, making statement 3 inaccurate.

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Pankaj Gupta
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Poll
Pankaj GuptaScholar
Asked: 5 months agoIn: ,
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Consider the following actions:                                                                          ...Read more

Consider the following actions:                                                                                                                [2023]
1. Detection of car crash/collision which results in the deployment of airbags almost instantaneously
2.  Detection of accidental free fall of a laptop towards the ground which results in the immediate turning off of the hard drive
3. Detection of the tilt of the smart-phone which results in the rotation of display between portrait and landscape mode

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accelerometerautomotiveupsc pre 2023
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    The correct answer is All three. Here’s how an accelerometer is involved in each action: 1. Detection of Car Crash/Collision An accelerometer detects rapid deceleration or impact forces, which triggers the deployment of airbags almost instantaneously. Function of accelerometer: Required. 2. DetectioRead more

    The correct answer is All three.

    Here’s how an accelerometer is involved in each action:

    1. Detection of Car Crash/Collision

    • An accelerometer detects rapid deceleration or impact forces, which triggers the deployment of airbags almost instantaneously.
    • Function of accelerometer: Required.

    2. Detection of Free Fall of a Laptop

    • Accelerometers sense sudden free-fall motion (near-zero acceleration in free fall) and can signal the hard drive to turn off immediately to prevent damage.
    • Function of accelerometer: Required.

    3. Detection of Tilt of a Smartphone

    • Accelerometers measure the tilt or orientation of the device relative to gravity, allowing the display to rotate between portrait and landscape modes.
    • Function of accelerometer: Required.

    An accelerometer is required in all three actions, as it plays a crucial role in detecting motion, orientation, or force changes in each scenario. Thus, the correct answer is All three.

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Sujeet Singh
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Sujeet SinghBeginner
Asked: 6 months agoIn: ,
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What are the key factors influencing global trade agreements?

What are the key factors influencing global trade agreements?

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gloabl trade agreementsinternational relations
  1. Sujeet Singh
    Sujeet Singh Beginner

    Global trade agreements are influenced by a variety of key factors that shape their formation and implementation. Here are the primary elements: Economic Factors Factor Endowments: The availability of resources such as labor, land, and capital significantly influences trade patterns. Countries typicRead more

    Global trade agreements are influenced by a variety of key factors that shape their formation and implementation. Here are the primary elements:

    Economic Factors

    • Factor Endowments: The availability of resources such as labor, land, and capital significantly influences trade patterns. Countries typically export goods that utilize their abundant resources efficiently, following the Heckscher-Ohlin model of comparative advantage. For instance, a country rich in natural resources is likely to export raw materials, while one with skilled labor may focus on high-tech products.
    • Global Economic Conditions: Economic growth rates and overall demand in the global market impact trade agreements. During periods of economic prosperity, demand for exports increases, while recessions can reduce trade volumes. The economic health of trading partners also plays a crucial role in determining trade flows.
    • Income Levels: The income levels of countries involved affect consumer demand for imported and exported goods. Higher income levels generally lead to increased demand for luxury and high-quality goods, influencing the types of products countries choose to trade.

    Political Factors

    • Domestic Politics: Trade agreements are often shaped by domestic political realities, including lobbying from various interest groups. Politicians may prioritize agreements that align with their constituents’ interests or economic strategies, which can lead to varying provisions in agreements.
    • International Relations: Geopolitical considerations significantly influence trade negotiations. Countries may form alliances or enter agreements to strengthen diplomatic ties or counterbalance other nations’ economic power.

    Legal and Institutional Framework

    • WTO Principles: Agreements are often governed by principles established by the World Trade Organization (WTO), such as Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) treatment and National Treatment. These principles aim to ensure non-discrimination among trading partners and equal treatment for foreign and domestic products.
    • Legal Text Complexity: The legal nature of trade agreements necessitates detailed provisions covering various sectors, which can complicate negotiations. The complexity arises from the need to address diverse issues like tariffs, intellectual property rights, and service regulations.

    Strategic Considerations

    • Trade Diversion vs. Trade Creation: Trade agreements can lead to trade diversion (redirecting trade towards member countries at the expense of non-member countries) or trade creation (increasing overall trade levels). The balance between these effects can influence the desirability and structure of agreements.
    • Negotiating Power: Countries often seek to enhance their negotiating power through trade agreements, allowing them to secure better terms in dealings with non-member states.

    Understanding these factors provides insight into the dynamics of global trade agreements and their implications for international commerce.

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