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Jawahar
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JawaharExplorer
Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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‏What is the exact nature of dark matter?

‏What is the exact nature of dark matter?

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question
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    The exact nature of dark matter remains one of the most intriguing mysteries in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Despite its profound influence on the universe, dark matter has not been directly detected. Here’s what is currently understood about its nature: Invisible and Non-Emitting: Dark matterRead more

    The exact nature of dark matter remains one of the most intriguing mysteries in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Despite its profound influence on the universe, dark matter has not been directly detected. Here’s what is currently understood about its nature:

    • Invisible and Non-Emitting: Dark matter does not emit, absorb, or reflect any electromagnetic radiation, such as light, making it invisible to all current telescopic observations.
    • Massive and Gravitationally Influential: Dark matter exerts gravitational force and plays a crucial role in the formation and structure of galaxies. It helps to explain the observed gravitational effects on visible matter, such as the rotational speeds of galaxies and the bending of light from distant stars (gravitational lensing).
    • Non-Baryonic: Unlike ordinary matter (baryonic matter), which makes up stars, planets, and living beings, dark matter is non-baryonic. It is not composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • Cold Dark Matter (CDM) Hypothesis: The leading theory is that dark matter is “cold,” meaning its particles move slowly compared to the speed of light. This helps explain the large-scale structure of the universe.
    • Candidate Particles: There are several hypothetical particles that could make up dark matter, including:
      • Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs): One of the most popular candidates, these particles interact weakly with normal matter and could have been produced in large quantities during the early universe.
      • Axions: Extremely light particles that could also form a component of dark matter.
      • Sterile Neutrinos: A heavier form of neutrinos that do not interact with ordinary matter via the weak nuclear force.
    • Experimental Efforts: Numerous experiments are attempting to detect dark matter particles directly or observe their interactions indirectly. These include underground detectors, particle accelerators, and astrophysical observations.
    • Dark Matter Halo: Galaxies, including our Milky Way, are believed to be embedded in a “halo” of dark matter, which explains the flat rotation curves of galaxies—an observation where the outer stars orbit at similar speeds to those near the center.

      While the exact nature of dark matter is still unknown, its gravitational effects are essential for our current understanding of the universe’s structure and evolution. Ongoing research aims to uncover more about this elusive substance.

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    Keshav Sahu
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    Keshav SahuExplorer
    Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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    How does human body produces heat ?

    How does human body produces heat ?

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    1. Vaishnavi
      Vaishnavi Explorer

      Heat us the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.The human body produces heat through a combination of processes, including: Metabolism The body metabolizes food to produce heat through chemical reactions and cellular respiration. The liver is a major source of metabolic heat. Muscle contractionsRead more

      Heat us the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.The human body produces heat through a combination of processes, including:
      Metabolism
      The body metabolizes food to produce heat through chemical reactions and cellular respiration. The liver is a major source of metabolic heat.
      Muscle contractions
      Involuntary muscle contractions, like shivering, increase muscle cell activity and create heat. Voluntary muscle exertion and motion also produce heat.
      Cellular respiration
      Cellular respiration produces energy in the form of ATP, which is used for daily activities and the excess is released as heat.
      Thyroid hormones
      The hypothalamus releases thyroid hormones, which increase metabolic rate and heat production.
      Blood friction
      The friction of blood against blood vessel walls produces heat.
      The body’s temperature is usually between 98 and 110 degrees Fahrenheit. The body’s ability to generate heat helps it resist exposure to low temperatures.

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    AVG
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    AVGExplorer
    Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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    What are the smallest known dinosaur species ever discovered?

    What are the smallest known dinosaur species ever discovered?

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    dinosaur
    1. AVG
      AVG Explorer

      The smallest known dinosaur species ever discovered is the Microraptor, a tiny, feathered dinosaur that lived approximately 120 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous period. Microraptor was about the size of a modern crow or pigeon, measuring around 40-80 centimeters (16-31 inches) in lengthRead more

      The smallest known dinosaur species ever discovered is the Microraptor, a tiny, feathered dinosaur that lived approximately 120 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous period. Microraptor was about the size of a modern crow or pigeon, measuring around 40-80 centimeters (16-31 inches) in length and weighing less than a kilogram (around 2 pounds).

      Another contender is the Oculudentavis khaungraae, which some scientists suggest might be the smallest dinosaur. This species, discovered preserved in amber from Myanmar, had a skull measuring just 1.5 centimeters (0.6 inches), resembling a small bird. However, its classification as a dinosaur has been debated, with some researchers considering it more closely related to ancient reptiles.

      Both examples highlight the diverse range of dinosaur sizes, from massive giants to diminutive creatures.

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    Vaishnavi
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    VaishnaviExplorer
    Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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    What are the main principles of thermodynamics?

    What are the main principles of thermodynamics?

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    question
    1. Pankaj Gupta
      Pankaj Gupta Scholar
      This answer was edited.

      The main principles of thermodynamics are encapsulated in the four laws of thermodynamics, which provide a framework for understanding energy, heat, and work in physical systems. These laws are foundational in physics, chemistry, and engineering. Here's an overview: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics StatRead more

      The main principles of thermodynamics are encapsulated in the four laws of thermodynamics, which provide a framework for understanding energy, heat, and work in physical systems. These laws are foundational in physics, chemistry, and engineering. Here’s an overview:

      Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

      • Statement: If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
      • Significance: It defines the concept of temperature and forms the basis for temperature measurement.

      First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Energy Conservation)

      • Statement: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed. Mathematically:

                                                                                  ΔU=Q−W Where:

        • ΔU: Change in internal energy of the system
        • Q: Heat added to the system
        • W: Work done by the system
      • Significance: It establishes the principle of energy conservation and explains how energy transitions between heat and work in a system.

      Second Law of Thermodynamics

      • Statement: The entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant over time; it never decreases. For practical processes, entropy tends to increase.
      • Significance:
        • Introduces the concept of irreversibility in natural processes.
        • Provides the direction of energy flow (e.g., heat flows from a hot body to a cold one).
        • Forms the basis for the concept of efficiency in engines and refrigerators.

      Third Law of Thermodynamics

      • Statement: As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero (0 Kelvin), the entropy of the system approaches a constant minimum value.
      • Significance: It implies that absolute zero is unattainable and provides insight into the behavior of systems at very low temperatures.

      These principles collectively govern how energy and matter interact and transform in all physical processes.

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    Vaibhav11
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    Vaibhav11Beginner
    Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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    Is there any other planet in the universe which has humans like Earth

    Is there any other planet in the universe which has humans like Earth

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    1. Sonam Agarwal
      Sonam Agarwal Beginner

      Yes Maybe as we can see there are plant in other galaxies which are in their habitable zone and its possible that they might also not have technology to reach other galaxies like us

      Yes Maybe as we can see there are plant in other galaxies which are in their habitable zone and its possible that they might also not have technology to reach other galaxies like us

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    Aarushi Gupta
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    Poll
    Aarushi GuptaExplorer
    Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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    Among the following given below who was known as 'The Father of Indian Space Program' ?

    Among the following given below who was known as ‘The Father of Indian Space Program’ ? select any one of the options.

    Among the following given below who was known as ‘The Father of Indian Space Program’ ?
    select any one of the options.

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    space science
    1. Pankaj Gupta
      Pankaj Gupta Scholar

      Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is widely regarded as the "Father of the Indian Space Program." He was an exceptional scientist, visionary, and institution builder who played a pivotal role in laying the foundation of space research and development in India. Key Contributions: 1. Establishment of ISRO: Dr. SaraRead more

      Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is widely regarded as the “Father of the Indian Space Program.” He was an exceptional scientist, visionary, and institution builder who played a pivotal role in laying the foundation of space research and development in India.

      Key Contributions:

      1. Establishment of ISRO:

      Dr. Sarabhai was instrumental in establishing the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969, envisioning space technology as a tool for national development.

      2. Vision for Space Science:

      He believed in harnessing space technology for the benefit of common people, focusing on applications like communication, weather forecasting, and education.

      3. Launch of India’s First Satellite:

      Under his guidance, India began the work that eventually led to the successful launch of Aryabhata, the country’s first satellite, in 1975.

      4. Institution Building:

      He established premier institutes like the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad, which became a hub for space and atmospheric research.

      He was also involved in setting up the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad.

      5. International Collaboration:

      Dr. Sarabhai was instrumental in securing support from NASA for the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE), a landmark project to bring education to remote areas using satellite technology.

      Awards and Honors:

      Padma Bhushan (1966)

      Padma Vibhushan (posthumously, 1972)

      Dr. Vikram Sarabhai’s legacy continues to inspire ISRO and the nation, making him a towering figure in India’s scientific and technological achievements.

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    Sujeet Singh
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    Sujeet SinghBeginner
    Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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    How do plants store energy?

    How do plants store energy?

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    botanyplants
    1. Arshe Alam
      Arshe Alam Beginner

      prophotosynthesis sunlight absorption and taken of the car accident some water to give out the oxygen and glucose for useful in plant and make a fruit with fructose and maltose also help in chlorophyll.

      prophotosynthesis sunlight absorption and taken of the car accident some water to give out the oxygen and glucose for useful in plant and make a fruit with fructose and maltose also help in chlorophyll.

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    Pankaj Gupta
    • 1
    Poll
    Pankaj GuptaScholar
    Asked: 3 months agoIn: ,
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    Consider the following statements:                                                                          ...Read more

    Consider the following statements:                                                                                                   [2023]             
    1.  Carbon fibres are used in the manufacture of components used in automobiles and aircrafts.
    2.  Carbon fibres once used cannot be recycled.

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    recyclability of carbon fibresupsc pre 2023
    1. Pankaj Gupta
      Pankaj Gupta Scholar

      The correct answer is 1 only. Explanation: Carbon fibres are used in the manufacture of components used in automobiles and aircrafts: Correct: Carbon fibres are widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment manufacturing due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, durRead more

      The correct answer is 1 only.

      Explanation:

      1. Carbon fibres are used in the manufacture of components used in automobiles and aircrafts:
        • Correct: Carbon fibres are widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment manufacturing due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, durability, and resistance to corrosion.
      2. Carbon fibres once used cannot be recycled:
        • Incorrect: Carbon fibres can be recycled, although the process is complex and expensive. Advanced technologies like pyrolysis and chemical recycling are used to recover carbon fibres from composite materials. The recycled fibres are often used in applications where slightly lower strength is acceptable.

      Thus, only the first statement is correct.

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    Harpreet
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    HarpreetBeginner
    Asked: 4 months agoIn: , ,
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    What is LiDAR?

    What is LiDAR?

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    lidartechnology
    1. Pankaj Gupta
      Pankaj Gupta Scholar

      LiDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and create highly detailed, three-dimensional maps of surfaces. Here’s a breakdown of how it works and its applications: How LiDAR Works Emission of Laser Pulses: A LiDAR syRead more

      LiDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and create highly detailed, three-dimensional maps of surfaces. Here’s a breakdown of how it works and its applications:

      How LiDAR Works

      1. Emission of Laser Pulses: A LiDAR system emits thousands of laser pulses per second toward a target area.
      2. Measuring Distance: When these pulses hit an object (e.g., the ground, buildings, trees), they reflect back to the LiDAR sensor.
      3. Time of Flight: By measuring the time taken for each pulse to return, the system calculates the distance between the sensor and the object. This is known as the “time of flight” method.
      4. Data Processing: Each distance measurement (together with GPS location and orientation) is used to create a “point cloud,” which represents the 3D structure of the surveyed area.

      Types of LiDAR

      1. Airborne LiDAR: Mounted on airplanes or drones, it maps large terrains, including forests, coastlines, and urban areas.
      2. Terrestrial LiDAR: Used on the ground, this type can be mounted on vehicles or tripods for detailed surveys of buildings, roads, and other infrastructure.

      Applications of LiDAR

      • Mapping and Topography: Widely used in creating detailed topographical maps for environmental studies, city planning, and civil engineering.
      • Forestry: Assesses forest canopy structure, tree height, and biomass, useful in forest management.
      • Autonomous Vehicles: Provides real-time, high-precision 3D mapping of surroundings for self-driving cars to detect obstacles and navigate safely.
      • Archaeology: Detects hidden ruins or ancient settlements beneath dense vegetation.
      • Coastal and Floodplain Mapping: Helps in analyzing coastal erosion, flood risks, and modeling water flow in flood-prone areas.

      LiDAR is valued for its precision, versatility, and ability to work effectively in various lighting conditions, even at night.

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    Arjita
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    ArjitaBeginner
    Asked: 5 months agoIn: , , ,
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    What are the applications of CRISPR in medicine?

    What are the applications of CRISPR in medicine?

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    biotechnologycrisprmedicinescience
    1. Aryan Shukla
      Aryan Shukla Beginner

      CRISPR technology has revolutionized the field of medicine with its ability to precisely edit genes. Here are some of its key applications: Gene Therapy: CRISPR is used to correct genetic mutations that cause diseases. For example, it has been used in clinical trials to treat sickle cell anemia andRead more

      CRISPR technology has revolutionized the field of medicine with its ability to precisely edit genes. Here are some of its key applications:

      1. Gene Therapy: CRISPR is used to correct genetic mutations that cause diseases. For example, it has been used in clinical trials to treat sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia by editing the genes in patients’ blood cells.
      2. Cancer Treatment: Researchers are exploring CRISPR to target and destroy cancer cells. It can be used to modify immune cells to better recognize and attack tumors.
      3. Infectious Diseases: CRISPR can be used to develop treatments for viral infections. For instance, it has been used to target and cut the DNA of viruses like HIV, potentially reducing the viral load in patients.
      4. Genetic Disorders: CRISPR is being investigated for treating a variety of genetic disorders, including cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, and Huntington’s disease, by correcting the faulty genes responsible for these conditions.
      5. Diagnostics: CRISPR-based diagnostic tools are being developed to detect diseases quickly and accurately. These tools can identify the presence of pathogens like viruses and bacteria in a sample by recognizing specific genetic sequences.
      6. Regenerative Medicine: CRISPR can be used to edit stem cells, which can then be used to regenerate damaged tissues or organs. This has potential applications in treating conditions like heart disease and spinal cord injuries.

      CRISPR’s versatility and precision make it a powerful tool in modern medicine, offering hope for treating previously incurable diseases.

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