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Vaishnavi
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VaishnaviExplorer
Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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What is Model of conduct??

What is Model of conduct??

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  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    A Model Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines designed to regulate the behavior of individuals or organizations within a specific context, ensuring ethical and professional standards are maintained. These codes serve as frameworks to promote integrity, fairness, and accountability. Examples of ModeRead more

    A Model Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines designed to regulate the behavior of individuals or organizations within a specific context, ensuring ethical and professional standards are maintained. These codes serve as frameworks to promote integrity, fairness, and accountability.

    Examples of Model Codes of Conduct:

    1. Election Commission of India’s Model Code of Conduct (MCC):
      • Purpose: To ensure free and fair elections by regulating the actions of political parties and candidates during the electoral process.
      • Key Features:
        • General Conduct: Prohibits activities that may aggravate existing differences or create mutual hatred between different communities.
        • Meetings: Requires parties to inform local police authorities of the venue and time of any meetings to ensure proper security arrangements.
        • Processions: Mandates that the routes of processions are pre-determined and prior permission is obtained from authorities.
        • Polling Day: Prohibits canvassing within a certain distance of polling stations and ensures that the ruling party does not use its position for electoral advantage.
      • Enforcement: The MCC comes into effect immediately after the election schedule is announced and remains in force until the electoral process is completed.
    2. American Bar Association’s Model Rules of Professional Conduct:
      • Purpose: To provide a framework for ethical legal practice in the United States.
      • Key Features:
        • Competence: Lawyers must provide competent representation to clients.
        • Confidentiality: Lawyers are required to maintain the confidentiality of information relating to client representation.
        • Conflict of Interest: Rules to prevent conflicts between a lawyer’s interests and those of their clients.
      • Enforcement: While the ABA provides these model rules, enforcement is carried out by state bar associations and courts, which may adopt and adapt the rules as they see fit.

    These examples illustrate how model codes of conduct function within different sectors to uphold ethical standards and guide professional behavior.

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Vaishnavi
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VaishnaviExplorer
Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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What is a money bill??

What is a money bill??

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  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar
    This answer was edited.

    A Money Bill is a specific type of bill in a legislative system that deals exclusively with national revenue or expenditure. In the context of India, a Money Bill is defined under Article 110 of the Indian Constitution and can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, not the Rajya Sabha. Features of a MRead more

    A Money Bill is a specific type of bill in a legislative system that deals exclusively with national revenue or expenditure. In the context of India, a Money Bill is defined under Article 110 of the Indian Constitution and can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, not the Rajya Sabha.

    Features of a Money Bill

    1. Purpose: It exclusively concerns financial matters such as taxation, borrowing of money by the government, or the expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India.
    2. Initiation: It can only be introduced on the recommendation of the President and only in the Lok Sabha.
    3. Role of Rajya Sabha: The Rajya Sabha cannot amend a Money Bill but can recommend changes, which the Lok Sabha may accept or reject.
    4. Approval: Once passed by the Lok Sabha, the bill is sent to the Rajya Sabha, which must return it within 14 days with or without recommendations.
    5. Certification: The Speaker of the Lok Sabha certifies whether a bill is a Money Bill.

    Examples of Money Bill contents

    • Imposition, abolition, remission, alteration, or regulation of any tax.
    • The borrowing of money or the giving of any guarantee by the Government of India.
    • The custody of the Consolidated Fund of India or the Contingency Fund of India.

    Understanding these features helps differentiate a Money Bill from other types of bills in the legislative process.

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Urmila
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UrmilaExplorer
Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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Who was the first woman President of India?

Who was the first woman President of India?

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  1. Vaishnavi
    Vaishnavi Explorer
    Who was the first woman President of India?

    Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934), also known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat,is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th president of India from 2007 to 2012. She was the first woman to become the president of India. A member of the Indian National Congress, she also servedRead more

    Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934), also known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat,is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th president of India from 2007 to 2012. She was the first woman to become the president of India. A member of the Indian National Congress, she also served as the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007, and was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.Patil was born in a Marathi family on 19 December 1934 in the village of Nadgaon in Jalgaon, Maharashtra. She was the daughter of Narayan Rao Patil.She was educated initially at R. R. Vidyalaya town and subsequently was awarded a master’s degree in Political Science and Economics by Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon (then under Poona University), and then a Bachelor of Law degree by Government Law College, Bombay, affiliated to the University of Bombay (now University of Mumbai). Patil then began to practice law at the Jalgaon District Court, while also taking interest in social issues such as improving the conditions faced by Indian women.

    Patil married Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat on 7 July 1965. The couple has a daughter, Jyoti Rathore and a son, Raosaheb Shekhawat, who is also a politician.In 1962, at the age of 27, she was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly for the Jalgaon constituency.[8] After that she won in the Muktainagar (formerly Edlabad) constituency on four consecutive occasions between 1967 and 1985, before becoming a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha between 1985 and 1990. In the 1991 elections for the 10th Lok Sabha, she was elected as a Member of Parliament representing the Amravati constituency. A period of retirement from politics followed later in the decade.

    Patil had held various Cabinet portfolios during her period in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and held official positions in both the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. In addition, she had been the president of the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee for a few years. Also, she held office as Director of the National Federation of Urban Co-operative Banks and Credit Societies and as a Member of the Governing Council of the National Co-operative Union of India.

    On 8 November 2004 she was appointed the 17th Governor of Rajasthan,the first woman to hold that office.Patil was announced as the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) candidate on 14 June 2007. She emerged as a compromise candidate after the left-wing parties of the alliance would not agree to the nomination of former Home Minister Shivraj Patil or Karan Singh.Patil had been loyal to the INC and the Nehru–Gandhi family for decades and this was considered to be a significant factor in her selection by INC leader Sonia Gandhi, although Patil said that she had no intention of being a “rubber-stamp president”.

    In the same month that she was selected as a member of the UPA, Patil was accused of shielding her brother, G. N. Patil, in the 2005 Vishram Patil murder case. Vishram Patil had narrowly defeated G. N. Patil in an election to be the President of the District Congress Committee of Jalgaon and in September of that year had been murdered. Vishram Patil’s widow eventually accused G. N. Patil of involvement in the crime and claimed that Pratibha Patil had influenced the criminal investigation and that the issue needed to be examined before presidential immunity became active. Her accusations were rejected by the courts in 2009but in 2015 G. N. Patil was charged. No reference to the alleged involvement of Pratibha Patil was made at this time.

    Due to the presidential role being largely a figurehead position, the selection of the candidate is often arranged by consensus among the various political parties and the candidate runs unopposed.Contrary to the normal pattern of events, Patil faced a challenge in the election. The BBC described the situation as “the latest casualty of the country’s increasingly partisan politics and [it] highlights what is widely seen as an acute crisis of leadership”. It “degenerated into unseemly mudslinging between the ruling party and the opposition”.Her challenger was Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the incumbent vice-president and a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) veteran. Shekhawat stood as an independent candidate and was supported by the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), a group led by the BJP,although the Shiv Sena party, which was a part of NDA, supported her because of her Marathi origin.

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Aditya Gupta
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Aditya GuptaScholar
Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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राजनीति में महिलाओं की भागीदारी को कैसे बढ़ाया जा सकता है?

  • राजनीति में महिलाओं की भागीदारी को कैसे बढ़ाया जा सकता है?
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question
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Increasing women's participation in politics can be achieved through several strategies: Promoting Education and Awareness: Encouraging women to pursue education, especially in political science, law, and leadership roles, can equip them with the knowledge and skills needed for political engagement.Read more

    Increasing women’s participation in politics can be achieved through several strategies:

    1. Promoting Education and Awareness: Encouraging women to pursue education, especially in political science, law, and leadership roles, can equip them with the knowledge and skills needed for political engagement. Awareness programs can highlight the importance of women’s voices in decision-making.
    2. Creating Supportive Policies: Governments and political parties can introduce policies that encourage the inclusion of women in politics, such as quotas or reserved seats for women in legislatures, local bodies, and political organizations.
    3. Providing Financial and Logistical Support: Financial resources and campaign support can be made available to women candidates, ensuring they have the necessary means to run for office and participate in political activities.
    4. Mentorship and Networking: Creating platforms for female politicians to mentor younger women can build a supportive network that encourages women to take up leadership roles. Additionally, networking opportunities with influential political figures can help women gain visibility and support.
    5. Challenging Gender Norms and Stereotypes: Addressing societal and cultural barriers that discourage women from entering politics is crucial. Public awareness campaigns and media representation can help break stereotypes about women’s roles in leadership and decision-making.
    6. Promoting Equal Representation in Political Parties: Political parties can work toward ensuring gender equality within their ranks, by actively recruiting women into leadership positions and creating an inclusive environment for female politicians to thrive.
    7. Encouraging Women’s Rights Advocacy: Women’s rights organizations can push for gender-specific policies, including those that support equal political participation, empowering more women to take active roles in governance.

    By implementing these measures, society can create a more inclusive and equitable political environment that allows women to contribute meaningfully to political discourse and decision-making.

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Aditya Gupta
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Aditya GuptaScholar
Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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क्या भारत में भ्रष्टाचार राजनीति को प्रभावित करता है? यदि हाँ, तो कैसे?

क्या भारत में भ्रष्टाचार राजनीति को प्रभावित करता है? यदि हाँ, तो कैसे?

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  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Yes, corruption significantly impacts politics in India, influencing various aspects of governance, policy-making, and public trust. Here's how corruption affects Indian politics: 1. Erosion of Public Trust Corruption undermines citizens' faith in political institutions and leaders. Scandals involviRead more

    Yes, corruption significantly impacts politics in India, influencing various aspects of governance, policy-making, and public trust. Here’s how corruption affects Indian politics:

    1. Erosion of Public Trust

    • Corruption undermines citizens’ faith in political institutions and leaders.
    • Scandals involving politicians often lead to disillusionment and reduced voter turnout.

    2. Policy Manipulation

    • Corrupt practices enable the prioritization of policies that benefit powerful interest groups or individuals over the public good.
    • Public funds may be diverted for personal or party gains, delaying or compromising developmental projects.

    3. Electoral Corruption

    • Vote-buying, distribution of freebies, and misuse of government machinery during elections are common issues.
    • Illegitimate funding of political campaigns fosters a cycle where elected leaders feel indebted to vested interests.

    4. Inequality and Marginalization

    • Corruption perpetuates inequality by favoring elites and sidelining marginalized communities.
    • Essential welfare schemes often fail to reach the intended beneficiaries due to mismanagement and embezzlement.

    5. Weakening of Democratic Institutions

    • Bribery and favoritism compromise the independence of institutions like the judiciary, law enforcement, and regulatory bodies.
    • This weakens the checks and balances necessary for a healthy democracy.

    6. Impact on Economic Development

    • Corruption inflates project costs and reduces efficiency, affecting economic growth.
    • Foreign investors may hesitate to invest due to concerns over bureaucratic red tape and unethical practices.

    7. Criminalization of Politics

    • Many individuals with criminal records manage to enter politics due to corruption in the system.
    • This creates a nexus between politics, crime, and business, further eroding governance quality.

    8. Public Apathy

    • Corruption creates a sense of helplessness among citizens, leading to apathy and reluctance to engage with political processes.

    9. Political Instability

    • Frequent allegations and scandals can lead to government instability, affecting policy continuity and governance.

    10. Undermining Meritocracy

    • Corruption hampers the selection of capable individuals for key positions, as nepotism and favoritism take precedence over merit.

    Addressing corruption is crucial to restoring the integrity of Indian politics. Stronger anti-corruption laws, transparency in governance, and active civic engagement are essential steps toward mitigating its influence.

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Aditya Gupta
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Aditya GuptaScholar
Asked: 3 months agoIn: ,
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जनसंख्या के कारण बेरोजगारी की समस्या कैसे बढ़ती है?

जनसंख्या के कारण बेरोजगारी की समस्या कैसे बढ़ती है?

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question
  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    The problem of unemployment is exacerbated by population growth in several ways: Increased Competition for Jobs: As the population grows, the number of people seeking employment rises, leading to increased competition for the limited number of jobs available. This often results in more people beingRead more

    The problem of unemployment is exacerbated by population growth in several ways:

    1. Increased Competition for Jobs: As the population grows, the number of people seeking employment rises, leading to increased competition for the limited number of jobs available. This often results in more people being unemployed or underemployed.
    2. Limited Economic Resources: A growing population places a strain on the available economic resources, such as land, capital, and infrastructure. With more people to support, it becomes challenging for governments and businesses to create enough job opportunities, leading to higher unemployment rates.
    3. Inadequate Job Creation: In many developing countries, population growth outpaces the rate at which jobs are being created. Governments and industries may struggle to provide sufficient employment opportunities for the expanding labor force, leading to job shortages and higher unemployment.
    4. Pressure on Education and Skill Development: A rapidly growing population increases the demand for education and vocational training. If educational institutions cannot keep up with this demand, there will be a mismatch between the skills of job seekers and the skills required by employers, further contributing to unemployment.
    5. Economic Instability: Overpopulation can lead to economic instability, with limited resources being spread thin. This can result in slower economic growth, reduced investments, and a lack of job creation, which in turn increases unemployment.

    Population growth directly impacts the job market by increasing competition for available positions, straining resources, and creating imbalances between the skills of workers and the demands of the economy, ultimately worsening unemployment.

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Aditya Gupta
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Aditya GuptaScholar
Asked: 3 months agoIn: ,
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जनसंख्या वृद्धि के मुख्य कारण क्या हैं?

जनसंख्या वृद्धि के मुख्य कारण क्या हैं?

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  1. Shefali
    Shefali Explorer

    जनसंख्या वृद्धि के मुख्य कारण कई सामाजिक, आर्थिक, और सांस्कृतिक कारकों से जुड़े हुए हैं। इनमें से कुछ प्रमुख कारण निम्नलिखित हैं: 1. अशिक्षा शिक्षा की कमी, विशेष रूप से महिलाओं में, जनसंख्या वृद्धि का एक बड़ा कारण है। परिवार नियोजन और गर्भनिरोधक उपायों के प्रति जागरूकता की कमी से अधिक बच्चे होते हैंRead more

    जनसंख्या वृद्धि के मुख्य कारण कई सामाजिक, आर्थिक, और सांस्कृतिक कारकों से जुड़े हुए हैं। इनमें से कुछ प्रमुख कारण निम्नलिखित हैं:

    1. अशिक्षा

    • शिक्षा की कमी, विशेष रूप से महिलाओं में, जनसंख्या वृद्धि का एक बड़ा कारण है।
    • परिवार नियोजन और गर्भनिरोधक उपायों के प्रति जागरूकता की कमी से अधिक बच्चे होते हैं।

    2. स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं में सुधार

    • आधुनिक चिकित्सा सुविधाओं और स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं के विकास से मृत्यु दर में कमी आई है।
    • नवजात शिशु मृत्यु दर और महामारी रोगों पर नियंत्रण ने जनसंख्या में वृद्धि की है।

    3. प्रजनन दर में वृद्धि

    • कुछ क्षेत्रों में सामाजिक और सांस्कृतिक कारणों से बड़े परिवार रखने की परंपरा है।
    • बच्चों को आर्थिक संपत्ति और बुढ़ापे में सहारे के रूप में देखा जाता है।

    4. कम मृत्यु दर

    • बेहतर स्वास्थ्य सुविधाओं, स्वच्छता, और पोषण के कारण मृत्यु दर में कमी आई है।
    • औसत जीवन प्रत्याशा (life expectancy) बढ़ने से जनसंख्या तेजी से बढ़ रही है।

    5. कृषि पर निर्भरता

    • ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में कृषि पर निर्भर परिवार अधिक बच्चे पैदा करते हैं, ताकि खेती और कामकाज में मदद मिल सके।
    • ऐसे परिवारों में जनसंख्या नियंत्रण पर ध्यान नहीं दिया जाता।

    6. परिवार नियोजन की कमी

    • गर्भनिरोधक उपायों की जानकारी या उपलब्धता की कमी जनसंख्या वृद्धि का एक महत्वपूर्ण कारण है।
    • कई क्षेत्रों में इन साधनों को अपनाने में सामाजिक बाधाएं भी होती हैं।

    7. किशोर विवाह

    • भारत जैसे देशों में कम उम्र में विवाह और जल्दी मातृत्व जनसंख्या वृद्धि में योगदान देता है।
    • यह प्रथा आज भी कई ग्रामीण और पिछड़े इलाकों में प्रचलित है।

    8. गरीबी

    • गरीब परिवार अधिक बच्चे पैदा करते हैं, क्योंकि वे बच्चों को आर्थिक सहायता के रूप में देखते हैं।
    • गरीबी के कारण शिक्षा और परिवार नियोजन पर ध्यान नहीं दिया जाता।

    9. धार्मिक और सांस्कृतिक मान्यताएँ

    • कुछ धर्मों और समुदायों में जन्म नियंत्रण को अस्वीकार करने वाली मान्यताएँ जनसंख्या वृद्धि का कारण बनती हैं।
    • बड़े परिवारों को सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा के रूप में देखा जाता है।

    10. शहरीकरण और औद्योगीकरण की धीमी गति

    • धीमा शहरीकरण और औद्योगीकरण आर्थिक अवसरों को सीमित करता है, जिससे लोग पारंपरिक तरीकों से जीते हैं और बड़े परिवार रखना पसंद करते हैं।

    जनसंख्या वृद्धि के मुख्य कारणों को नियंत्रित करने के लिए शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं में सुधार, और परिवार नियोजन के प्रति जागरूकता बढ़ाने की आवश्यकता है। साथ ही, गरीबी उन्मूलन और सामाजिक रूढ़ियों को तोड़ने के लिए ठोस कदम उठाए जाने चाहिए।

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Aditya Gupta
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Aditya GuptaScholar
Asked: 3 months agoIn: ,
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What are the psychological and social impacts of long-term unemployment on individuals?

  • What are the psychological and social impacts of long-term unemployment on individuals?

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  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    Long-term unemployment, typically defined as being unemployed for 27 weeks or more, can have profound psychological and social impacts on individuals. These effects extend beyond financial hardship, affecting mental health, relationships, and societal participation. Below is an exploration of the keRead more

    Long-term unemployment, typically defined as being unemployed for 27 weeks or more, can have profound psychological and social impacts on individuals. These effects extend beyond financial hardship, affecting mental health, relationships, and societal participation. Below is an exploration of the key psychological and social consequences:

    Psychological Impacts

    1. Emotional Distress

    • Loss of Identity: Work often provides a sense of purpose and identity. Prolonged unemployment can lead to feelings of worthlessness and a loss of self-esteem.
    • Anxiety and Depression: Uncertainty about the future and financial insecurity can trigger or exacerbate anxiety and depression.

    2. Stress and Burnout

    • Job Search Fatigue: Continuous rejection during job searches can lead to frustration, hopelessness, and burnout.
    • Chronic Stress: Prolonged stress due to unemployment can have physical repercussions, including weakened immune function, insomnia, and cardiovascular issues.

    3. Reduced Self-Confidence

    • Long-term unemployment may cause individuals to doubt their skills, relevance in the job market, or ability to compete with others, further discouraging job-seeking efforts.

    4. Stigmatization

    • Internalized Shame: Society often stigmatizes the unemployed, leading individuals to internalize feelings of shame and inadequacy.
    • Fear of Judgement: This fear can prevent individuals from seeking support or networking opportunities.

    5. Learned Helplessness

    • After repeated failures to secure employment, individuals may develop a sense of helplessness, believing they cannot change their situation, which can lead to apathy.

    Social Impacts

    1. Strained Relationships

    • Family Tensions: Financial strain and emotional distress can lead to conflicts with family members, affecting marital stability and parent-child relationships.
    • Social Isolation: The stigma and embarrassment associated with unemployment can cause individuals to withdraw from social interactions.

    2. Loss of Social Capital

    • Without regular work interactions, individuals may lose valuable networks that could assist in finding new employment opportunities.
    • Professional isolation can lead to a decline in skill relevance and marketability.

    3. Altered Social Roles

    • Individuals may feel a diminished role in their families and communities due to their inability to contribute financially or productively.
    • There may also be a shift in societal perception, with unemployed individuals sometimes seen as less competent or motivated.

    4. Community and Societal Impact

    • Communities with high unemployment rates may experience increased crime rates, reduced civic engagement, and a breakdown in social cohesion.

    Coping Mechanisms and Interventions

    1. Psychological Support

    • Therapy and Counseling: Mental health professionals can help individuals manage stress, build resilience, and maintain a positive outlook.
    • Support Groups: Sharing experiences with others facing similar challenges can provide emotional relief and practical advice.

    2. Skill Development and Training

    • Upskilling through workshops or courses can rebuild confidence and improve job prospects.
    • Volunteer work can help individuals maintain a sense of purpose and develop new skills while networking.

    3. Social Support

    • Strong support systems, including family and friends, play a crucial role in mitigating the emotional and social impacts of unemployment.
    • Governments and communities can offer support through unemployment benefits, job placement services, and mental health resources.

    4. Addressing Stigma

    • Public campaigns and societal awareness can help reduce the stigma associated with unemployment, fostering a more inclusive environment for reintegration.

    The psychological and social impacts of long-term unemployment are significant and far-reaching, affecting not only individuals but also their families and communities. Addressing these challenges requires a combination of personal resilience, societal support, and policy interventions to help unemployed individuals regain their confidence, skills, and social roles.

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Isha Jaiswal
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Isha JaiswalBeginner
Asked: 3 months agoIn:
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what does the book why bharat matters signify ?

what does the book why bharat matters signify ?

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  1. Urmila
    Urmila Explorer

    "Why Bharat Matters" by S. Jaishankar is a profound exploration of India's position in the global political arena, seen through the lens of its rich civilizational history. Jaishankar, India’s External Affairs Minister, delves into India’s foreign policy, utilizing historical, cultural, and philosopRead more

    “Why Bharat Matters” by S. Jaishankar is a profound exploration of India’s position in the global political arena, seen through the lens of its rich civilizational history. Jaishankar, India’s External Affairs Minister, delves into India’s foreign policy, utilizing historical, cultural, and philosophical insights to illustrate the nation’s evolving role in world affairs.
    A key feature of the book is its integration of India’s ancient epics, particularly the Ramayana and Mahabharata, to shed light on contemporary geopolitical challenges. By drawing comparisons between mythological figures like Hanuman and Sri Krishna and modern leadership, Jaishankar provides valuable perspectives on resilience, strategic thinking, and diplomacy
    The book emphasizes India’s deep-rooted cultural values and its long history of engagement with the world. Jaishankar illustrates India’s humanitarian contributions, from disaster relief efforts to global health support, positioning India as a compassionate and reliable global partner
    Jaishankar’s writing is accessible yet intellectually rich, offering readers a comprehensive view of India’s global aspirations while encouraging them to embrace the country’s civilizational virtues as a guiding force for international diplomacy
    “Why Bharat Matters” is highly recommended for anyone interested in understanding India’s foreign policy, its cultural heritage, and its significant role in shaping the global order. It’s an insightful read for policymakers, scholars, and general readers alike. For more information, you can find the full review and more details on the book’s insights on various platforms like ReadByCritics.

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Vaibhav11
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Vaibhav11Beginner
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What was the main reason behind abandoning the article 370 in India?

What was the main reason behind abandoning the article 370 in India?

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  1. Pankaj Gupta
    Best Answer
    Pankaj Gupta Scholar

    The primary reasons behind the abrogation of Article 370 in India were political, economic, and social, aimed at integrating Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) more closely with the rest of the country. Here are the main reasons: 1. Full Integration of Jammu and Kashmir Article 370 provided J&K with spRead more

    The primary reasons behind the abrogation of Article 370 in India were political, economic, and social, aimed at integrating Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) more closely with the rest of the country. Here are the main reasons:

    1. Full Integration of Jammu and Kashmir

    • Article 370 provided J&K with special autonomy, creating a sense of separateness. The Indian government sought to fully integrate J&K into the Indian Union to ensure that all citizens, irrespective of their state, are governed by the same laws.
    • It was argued that this special status hindered the integration of J&K with the national mainstream.

    2. Curbing Terrorism and Separatism

    • The region faced prolonged issues of terrorism and separatist movements, which were often attributed to the special status creating a perception of exclusivity.
    • The government believed that the abrogation would help curb external influences and militancy in the region.

    3. Development and Economic Growth

    • Economic stagnation and lack of private investment in J&K were partially attributed to Article 370, which restricted outsiders from purchasing property and investing in the region.
    • The government argued that removing these restrictions would open up J&K for development, attract investments, and create job opportunities.

    4. Ensuring Equal Rights

    • Certain laws and rights applicable in other states, such as those related to women, LGBTQ+ rights, and education, were not applicable in J&K due to Article 370.
    • Its removal aimed to bring the region under the same constitutional framework as the rest of India, ensuring equal rights for all citizens.

    5. Addressing Internal Security

    • Article 370 was seen by some as a barrier to national security, as it limited the central government’s ability to fully exercise its authority in the state.
    • Abrogating the article was intended to strengthen internal security measures in the region.

    6. Uniformity in Governance

    • The government advocated for “One Nation, One Constitution,” emphasizing that special provisions for a single region created an imbalance in governance across states.
    • Removing Article 370 sought to establish uniformity in the application of laws.

    The decision to abrogate Article 370 on August 5, 2019, was accompanied by the bifurcation of the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. While the move was supported by many for its long-term vision of integration and development, it also faced criticism for bypassing local consent and imposing changes under contentious circumstances.

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