The ICD is the official world classification. The
section concerned with psychiatric disorders is
called ‘Mental and Behavioural Disorders’. This
classification is used to record the diagnoses of all
patients seen in psychiatric care across the world
where official statistics are collected. By contrast,
the DSM is the official classification in the USA
for clinical diagnosis, although its influence
now covers the globe, particularly because of its
apparent advantages for research and the general
belief that it is in some way more accurate.

DSM is mainly used by psychiatrists, although it
is recognising that this is not entirely satisfactory
and is promoting its use among psychologists
and other mental health practitioners. ICD, on
the other hand, has always had in mind the
universal mental health practitioner.

DSM has been productive in promoting research,
but has handicapped advances in some respects by
giving credibility to diagnoses which probably do
not exist, and has generated much needless research into issues such as comorbidity of disorders which share much more than they differ by.
ICD has been poorly resourced and has not been
able to generate the same degree of research data
as DSM, but has steadily improved over the years
and, with better descriptions and definitions, is
likely to be used not only widely, but more seriously
and accurately.

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can interfere with daily functioning and development. Symptoms of ADHD often include difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, trouble following through on tasks, restlessness, and impulsive behavior. There are three main types of ADHD:

1. Inattentive Type (formerly known as ADD): Characterized primarily by problems with attention and focus, such as difficulty paying attention to details, being easily distracted, or forgetting tasks.
2. Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: Characterized by excessive fidgeting, inability to stay still, impulsive actions, and talking excessively.
3. Combined Type: This is the most common form and includes symptoms of both inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity.

ADHD is often managed through a combination of behavioral therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication, depending on the severity and individual needs.

Mineral water is often considered healthier than regular tap water for several reasons:

1. Purity: Mineral water is typically sourced from natural springs or wells and undergoes fewer treatments than tap water, reducing the risk of contamination by chemicals or pollutants.

2. Mineral Content: It contains naturally occurring minerals like calcium, magnesium, and potassium, which can be beneficial for health. These minerals can support various bodily functions, including bone health, muscle function, and hydration.

3. Consistent Quality: Mineral water usually has a consistent composition and quality, as it comes from protected sources. Tap water quality can vary depending on the local water supply and treatment processes.

4. No Chemical Additives: Tap water often contains added chemicals like chlorine and fluoride for disinfection and dental health, respectively. Some people prefer to avoid these additives, which are absent in mineral water.

5. Taste: The mineral content can enhance the taste of the water, making it more appealing to some people compared to tap water.

However, it’s important to note that in many developed countries, tap water is safe to drink and regulated to meet strict safety standards. The choice between mineral water and tap water often comes down to personal preference and specific health considerations.