A brain stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is disrupted, leading to brain cell damage due to a lack of oxygen and nutrients. The two primary causes of brain strokes are:  

• Ischemic Stroke (About 87% of Strokes): This type occurs when a blood clot or other obstruction blocks the flow of blood to the brain. Common causes include:
  • Thrombosis: Formation of a clot within a blood vessel in the brain.  
  • Embolism: A clot or other debris that travels from another part of the body (often the heart) to the brain.  
  • Atherosclerosis: Buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, narrowing them and leading to blockage.    
  • Risk Factors: High cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and heart disease.     
• Hemorrhagic Stroke: This type occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding in or around the brain. It is usually caused by:  
  • High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): The most common cause, as it weakens blood vessels over time.  
  • Aneurysm: A bulge in a blood vessel that can rupture.  
  • Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM): A tangled network of blood vessels that can rupture.  
  • Trauma or Head Injury: Can cause bleeding in the brain.    
  • Risk Factors: Uncontrolled high blood pressure, head injuries, blood-thinning medications, and certain genetic conditions.   
• Other Contributing Factors Lifestyle Choices: Poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, and excessive alcohol or drug use.
  • Medical Conditions: Diabetes, heart rhythm disorders like atrial fibrillation, and family history of stroke.
  • Age and Gender: Risk increases with age, and men are generally at higher risk, though women can also be severely affected.